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For any general pre-submission queries, including e.g. article types, indexing, timeline, publishing costs and APCs of the journal, please visit Springer support portal.

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Queries about accepted manuscripts in production or post-publication corrections should be sent to Patricia Hofrichter (patricia.hofrichter@springer.com).

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For permission requests to reuse or reprint content, please follow the link ‘Rights and permissions’ on the relevant article page. For other queries, contact journalpermissions@springernature.com.

Publication-related enquiries

Queries related to journal publishing should be sent to Na Xu (na.xu@springer.com).

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