Overview
- Editors:
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V. E. Andreucci
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Department of Nephrology, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Antonio Canton
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Department of Nephrology, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Table of contents (148 papers)
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Diuretics and Stone Formation
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Front Matter
Pages 439-439
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- P. Messa, G. Mioni, L. Paganin, P. Lo Greco, G. Enzmann, D. Montanaro et al.
Pages 441-443
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- K. Matsushita, K. Tanikawa, N. Kawamura
Pages 444-446
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- M. A. Leone, N. Viggiani, G. Dimona, F. P. Schena
Pages 447-449
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- M. E. De Ferrari, G. Colussi, G. Rombola’, E. Benazzi, M. Surian, F. Malberti et al.
Pages 450-452
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- Fernando Santos, James C. M. Chan
Pages 453-455
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Side Effects of Diuretic Therapy
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Front Matter
Pages 457-457
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- F. V. Costa, C. Borghi, A. Mussi, E. Ambrosioni
Pages 459-461
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- G. Bellati, C. Peverelli, A. Sironi, G. Ideo
Pages 462-464
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- A. Iliopoulou, D. Kontoyannis, P. Ziroyanis, S. Kontoyanis, M. Mavrikakis, S. Moulopoulos
Pages 465-467
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- G. R. Fitzgerald, E. Delaney, M. Cushen, M. J. Kennedy, A. Kenny, J. Murphy et al.
Pages 468-470
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- G. Conte, A. Satta, F. Aucella, P. Imperatore, D. Russo, A. DelloRusso et al.
Pages 471-473
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- A. Di Sciacca, F. Durante, A. Frontini, A. Ingrassia, R. M. Di Piazza, G. Cucchiara et al.
Pages 474-476
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- L. Carreras, J. Riera, A. M. Amenos, T. Portis, H. Rama, M. Romero et al.
Pages 477-479
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- A. M. Castelao, S. Gil-Vernet, J. Torras, E. Andrés, J. M. Griñó, J. M. Mauri et al.
Pages 480-482
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- G. T. McInnes, D. L. Davies
Pages 483-485
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- S. Sonkodi, B. Tichy, W. Brown, J. I. S. Robertson
Pages 489-493
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Effects of Diuretics on Water and Electrolyte Excretion
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Front Matter
Pages 495-495
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- N. Pozet, M. Labeeuw, A. Hadj Aissa, J. Sassard, P. Zech
Pages 497-499
About this book
The need for adequate means by which to improve urine output is very old. Even in the "Scuola Salernitana", the oldest medieval medical school in Western Europe, about 1000 years ago it was taught how to improve urine output. The list of known "diuretica" included herbs, plants, roots, vegetables, in particular asparagus, fennel and carrot. The first diuretic drugs, however, were mercurial compounds. Thus, calomel, mercurous chloride, was initially used as a diuretic in the sixteenth century by Paracelsus, being one of the ingredients of the so-called "Guy's Hospital pill". But calomel had a cathartic effect so that it was replaced by organic mercurial compounds. These diuretics were clearly toxic. After the discovery of the car bonic anhydrase, in the early 1930s, and the introduction of sulfanilamide as a chemotherapeutic agent, it was observed that this drug was inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in vitro and urinary acidification in vivo thereby causing metabolic acidosis; urine output, however, appeared to increase. Subsequent studies led to the synthesis of more potent analogs, in particular acetazolamide. Studies on car bonic anhydrase inhibitors led to the synthesis of benzothiadiazides which disclosed much less inactivating action on carbonic anhydrase and much more diuretic effect through an inhibition of tubular transport of sodium and chloride. Chlorothiazide was the first member of this class of diuretics. Thiazides are still used in clinical practice.