All Research News

• Assessing the impact of loss mechanisms in solar cell candidate

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 May 2022
  The superconductor antimony sulfide selenide is a potential candidate for solar materials, but this depends on understanding how to boost its efficiency.

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• Studying the pseudogap in superconducting cuprate materials

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 May 2022
  Despite being vital to the study of superconductivity in cuprate materials the physical origins of the pseudogap remain a mystery.

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• Characterising limestone rocks with Raman spectroscopy

  New York | Heidelberg, 20 April 2022
  Research published in EPJ Plus shows that it is possible to classify rocks according to the size of the particles they contain during quarrying, using a portable Raman spectrometer.

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• Thin quantum wires work better with less insulating coatings

  New York | Heidelberg, 19 April 2022
  New theoretical analysis considers cases where the electrons are allowed to exist beyond the boundaries of semiconducting quantum wires – with important implications for their performance.

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• Searching for dark matter with a haloscope

  New York | Heidelberg, 14 April 2022
  A new paper in EPJ Plus introduces a novel method of searching for a type of dark matter known as axions; a modified version of this technique may have useful ‘real life’ applications.

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• Using AI to expand the quality and fairness of urban data

  New York | Heidelberg, 14 April 2022
  The sparse and inconsistent availability of urban data is currently hampering efforts to manage our cities fairly and effectively – but this could be solved by exploiting the latest advances in artificial intelligence.

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• Optimizing silicon structure to reduce reflection

  New York | Heidelberg, 14 April 2022
  New research connects the porous structure of silicon and its ability to “trap” incident light.

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• Ranking nanodevice functionality methods

  New York | Heidelberg, 14 April 2022
  Examining the charge transfer influence of three charge control methods and producing a hierarchy promises important practical applications in nanodevices.

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• A novel computing approach to recognising chaos

  New York | Heidelberg, 14 April 2022
  Chaos isn’t always harmful to technology, in fact, it can have several useful applications if it can be detected and identified.

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• The relationship between active areas and boundaries with energy input in snapping shells

  New York | Heidelberg, 5 April 2022
  New research looks at how the geometry of shells relates to the energy input required to actuate snap-through instability.

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• Investigating newly synthesised thallium compounds for optoelectronic devices

  New York | Heidelberg, 5 April 2022
  The burgeoning field of optoelectronic devices is driving the development of new alkali metal-based chalcogenides with qualities that have to be robustly investigated.

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• Astrophysical plasma study benefits from new soft X-ray transition energies benchmark

  New York | Heidelberg, 5 April 2022
  The new benchmark for X-ray transition energies set for neon, carbon dioxide, and sulfur hexafluoride paves a pathway to high accuracy analysis of astrophysical plasmas.

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• Tackling large data sets and many parameter problems in particle physics

  New York | Heidelberg, 21 March 2022
  A new tool to break down and segment large data set problems and problems with many parameters in particle physics could have a wide range of applications.

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• Acknowledging Fermi’s contributions to early quantum statistics

  New York | Heidelberg, 18 March 2022
  Enrico Fermi’s ideas played a key role in the origins of quantum statistics, but so far, they have been largely overlooked in historical analysis

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• Documenting the first attempt at a gravitational-wave observatory in Europe

  New York | Heidelberg, 21 March 2022
  EUROGRAV was set to be a network of gravitational wave antennas in Europe. A new paper looks at the reasons it never happened.

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• A cautionary tale of machine learning uncertainty

  New York | Heidelberg, 7 March 2022
  By decorrelating the performance of machine learning algorithms with imperfections in the simulations used to train them, researchers could be estimating uncertainties that are lower than their true values.

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• Tyrannosaurus remains hint at two possible species distinct from T. rex

  London, 1st March 2022

  A new analysis of Tyrannosaurus skeletal remains reveals physical differences in the femur, other bones and dental structures across specimens that could suggest Tyrannosaurus rex specimens need to be re-categorised into three distinct groups or species, reports a study published in Evolutionary Biology.

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• An overview of neutrinos and their interactions

  New York | Heidelberg, 18 February 2022
  A new summary of the study of neutrinos, and the ways in which they interact with regular matter, could inspire both new and senior neutrino researchers to open up new areas of investigation within the field.

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• A new era of research into laser-matter interactions

  New York | Heidelberg, 8 February 2022
  Studies of laser-matter interactions are an important and rapidly growing area of physics. This special issue of EPJ ST, edited by Sivarama Krishnan at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras and Marcel Mudrich at Aarhus University, Denmark, contains a set of 21 articles in this field, encompassing a broad range of experimental and theoretical approaches. The collection provides researchers with useful insights into this burgeoning area of science, and the exciting applications it may soon lead to.

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• A shifting approach to modelling phase transitions

  New York | Heidelberg, 2 February 2022
  Between the years 1937 and 1970, physicists went from taking a ‘naturalistic’ approach to modelling phase transitions, to a ‘caricature’ approach – which incorporated far less realistic models. New analysis of this period provides new insights into this profound shift in thinking.

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• Reassessing radon as a reliable groundwater tracer

  New York | Heidelberg, 1 February 2022
  A widely used technique for tracing natural radioactive atoms within flowing groundwater may not be as accurate as previously thought.

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• Assessing and optimising the quality of sensor networks

  New York | Heidelberg, 1 February 2022
  A new method for optimising the arrangements of complex sensor networks could lead to improvements in a variety of cutting-edge experiments: including the ongoing search for Dark Matter

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• Understanding changes in a non-equilibrium economy

  New York | Heidelberg, 1 February 2022
  A novel theory can link abrupt, non-equilibrium changes to the state of the economy to a central principle of dynamics and thermodynamics

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• Small study found no evidence of transmitting virus through breastfeeding

  London, 19th January 2022

  There is no evidence of recently infected mothers transmitting infectious SARS-CoV-2 through breastmilk to their baby, reports a study published in the journal Pediatric Research.

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• Examining recent developments in Quantum Chromodynamics

  New York | Heidelberg, 22 December 2021
  The strong nuclear force is responsible for binding together quarks, the basic building blocks of protons and neutrons, that comprise almost all of the visible matter. A new collection looks at recent development in the field of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) from a range of perspectives.

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• An exploration of tipping in complex systems

  New York | Heidelberg, 22 November 2021
  This special issue examines the extensive landscape of research into tipping within complex systems, and provides guidance as to where the field will likely be headed in the future.

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• Examining the dynamics of complex networks

  New York | Heidelberg, 22 November 2021
  A new collection of papers focuses on the theories and methodology of dynamical networks with a focus on neuroscience and Earth sciences, and climate systems.

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• Celebrating the impacts of Jacques Raynal’s work in the development of nuclear reaction formalism, codes and analysis

  New York | Heidelberg, 12 November 2021
  This topical article edition of EPJ A is dedicated to the memory of French nuclear physicist Jacques Raynal, who passed away on April 10th, 2020.

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• Hubble tension: Showing the cracks in Gaussian Processes

  New York | Heidelberg, 12 November 2021
  Today, Gaussian Processes data reconstruction is viewed as a vital tool in cosmology. Yet through new analysis of tensions in the value of Hubble’s constant, two researchers suggest that the approach may not be as valid as currently thought.

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• The first black hole image: A gravitomagnetic monopole as an alternative explanation

  New York | Heidelberg, 12 November 2021
  The Event Horizon Telescope made science history when it captured the first image of the supermassive black hole in the galaxy M87. New research suggests alternative explanations for the massive compact object at the centre of this galaxy questioning if this could contain gravitomagnetic monopole.

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• Black hole thermodynamics: a history from Penrose to Hawking

  New York | Heidelberg, 21 October 2021
  New research explores the historical context of Penrose’s theory of black hole energy extraction, and how it inspired collaborations across political boundaries: ultimately leading to Stephen Hawking’s celebrated theory of black hole radiation.

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• Examining the accelerating Universe

  New York | Heidelberg, 21 October 2021
  A new collection of papers focuses on the paradigm of the accelerating expansion of the Universe in turn unpacking some of cosmology’s most pressing questions.

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• Quantum battles in attoscience: Following three debates

  New York | Heidelberg, 21 October 2021
  Discussions among an extensive panel of attoscience researchers have clarified points of tension within the field, and offer new suggestions of how research should move forward in the face of these divisions.

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• African grey parrots may have better self-control than macaws

  African grey parrots may be better able than macaws to delay gratification – rejecting an immediate reward in favour of a better one in the future – according to a study published in the journal Animal Cognition.

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• Mixing mineral and chemical sunscreens may limit protection against UVA

  Combining chemical sunscreen mixtures, which are safe on their own, with zinc oxide, which is commonly used in hybrid sunscreens, may result in decreased UVA protection, according to a study published in Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. Sunscreen mixed with zinc oxide was also found to cause toxic effects when tested in zebra fish embryos reports the study.

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• Uncovering fragmentation differences in chiral biomolecules

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 August 2021
  By combining mass spectroscopy with further analytical and simulation techniques, researchers have revealed key differences in the fragmentation of dipeptide biomolecules with different chiral structures

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• Understanding the ionisation of proton-impacted helium

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 August 2021
  Advanced mathematical analysis of the ionisation of a helium atom by an impacting proton has revealed where discrepancies arise between experiments and existing theoretical calculations of the process

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• Beer mats make bad frisbees and why it matters

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 August 2021
  Whilst modelling the forces acting upon a thrown beer mat, physicists discover why flat discs have such poor flight potential.

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• Revisiting Clebsch’s early papers

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 August 2021
  New analysis of two recently translated papers, first published in the 1850s, assesses the early methods used by Alfred Clebsch to describe the flow of incompressible fluids, and explores their impact on active areas of cutting-edge research

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• Using particle accelerators to investigate the quark-gluon plasma of the infant Universe

  New York | Heidelberg, 8 August 2021
  In the early stages of the Universe, quarks and gluons were quickly confined to protons and neutrons which went on to form atoms. With particle accelerators reaching increasingly higher energy levels the opportunity to study this fleeting primordial state of matter has finally arrived.

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• Gaining insight into the Universe’s most powerful objects and events

  New York | Heidelberg, 29 July 2021
  A timely new collection reminds us that even in times of great hardship, our understanding of the Universe’s most explosive, spectacular and mysterious events and objects continues to grow

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• Celebrating the life and work of Mahir Hussein through cutting-edge research

  New York | Heidelberg, 29 July 2021
  A new collection of papers focusing on the dynamics of nuclei pays fitting tribute to Iraqi/Brazilian physicist Mahir Saleh Hussein.

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• Exposure to second-hand marijuana smoke associated with more frequent respiratory infections in children

  Children whose parents regularly smoke or vape marijuana may experience viral respiratory infections, such as the common cold, more frequently than those whose parents do not smoke, according to a study published in the journal Pediatric Research.

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• Simulating microswimmers in nematic fluids

  New York | Heidelberg, 12 July 2021
  A combination of two simulation techniques has allowed researchers to investigate how swimming microparticles propel themselves through ‘nematic liquid crystals’ – revealing some unusual behaviours

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• Hunting Dark Energy with Gravity Resonance Spectroscopy

  New York | Heidelberg, 29 June 2021
  A highly sophisticated technique enables researchers to search for minuscule anomalies in the quantum state transitions of neutrons, which could offer key clues about the elusive nature of Dark Energy

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• Studying wombat burrows with WomBot, a remote-controlled robot

  A new robot – named WomBot – that can be used to explore and study wombat burrows is presented in a study published in the journal SN Applied Sciences.

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• THOR: Driving collaboration in heavy-ion collision research

  New York | Heidelberg, 3 June 2021
  As an expansive platform for collaboration between different research groups, the THOR COST Action has enabled hundreds of physicists studying the aftermath of high-energy collisions between heavy ions to improve their predictions

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• Understanding the mechanism that gives light a ‘little extra push’

  New York | Heidelberg, 7 May 2021
  The use of light to move matter has a wide range of technological applications and could one day even power spaceflight. New research suggests a method to better understand this subtle phenomenon.

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• A deeper understanding of how cells move and stick together

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 May 2021
  The way cells adhere to surfaces is an important element in allowing them to form cohesive tissues. A new study looks at how cells stick to a surface and spread across it.

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• Obesity may be a more significant risk factor for death from COVID-19 for men than women

  Obesity may be a stronger risk factor for death, severe pneumonia and the need for intubation in men than in women with COVID-19, according to a study published in the European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.

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• Investigating heavy quark physics with the LHCb experiment

  New York | Heidelberg, 15 April 2021
  In ten years of operation the LHCb experiment has probed the nature of physics attempting to answer some of the Universe’s most fundamental questions. A new review examines its past achievements and future potential.

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• Investigating heavy quark physics with the LHCb experiment

  New York | Heidelberg, 15 April 2021
  In ten years of operation the LHCb experiment has probed the nature of physics attempting to answer some of the Universe’s most fundamental questions. A new review examines its past achievements and future potential.

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• Tracking the progress of fusion power through 60 years of neutral particle analysis

  New York | Heidelberg, 15 April 2021
  Harnessing the fusion power of the stars requires the control of plasma and a powerful diagnostic tool to analyse it

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• Micro-environmental influences on artificial micromotors

  New York | Heidelberg, 31 March 2021
  New experiments reveal the characteristic ways in which self-propelled ‘Janus particles’ with charged coatings will slide across or move away from charged boundaries in their surrounding environments.

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• Effective Field Theories and the Nature of the Universe

  New York | Heidelberg, 23 March 2021
  Effective Field Theories were introduced to simplify the mathematics involved in unifying interactions into the Standard Model of particle physics. An article in EPJ H presents Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg’s recent lecture on the development of these theories.

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• Modelling speed-ups in nutrient-seeking bacteria

  New York | Heidelberg, 17 March 2021
  By considering how some bacteria will swim faster within higher nutrient concentrations, researchers have created a more accurate model of how these microbes search for nutrients

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• Factoring in gravitomagnetism could do away with dark matter

  New York | Heidelberg, 4 March 2021
  Models of galactic rotation curves built of a general relativistic framework could use gravitomagnetism to explain the effects of dark matter.

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• Investigating dense plasmas with positron waves

  New York | Heidelberg, 26 February 2021
  Astrophysical and lab-created plasmas under the influence of magnetic fields are the source of intense study. New research seeks to understand the dynamics of position waves travelling through these clouds of highly ionised gas.

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• Using neutron scattering to better understand milk composition

  New York | Heidelberg, 26 February 2021
  By using a more complex model for neutron scattering data, researchers can better understand the composition of materials such as milk.

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• Considering disorder and cooperative effects in photon escape rates from atomic gases

  New York | Heidelberg, 26 February 2021
  Investigating more complex models of photon escape rates from cold atomic gases could help researchers learn more about light-matter interactions

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• Slutpage visits may be common among US college students

  Visits to digital groups, websites or email lists that share nude or semi-nude photos of women without their consent, known as slutpages, may be common among US college students, according to a survey conducted at a large university in the USA. The findings, published in the journal Archives of Sexual Behavior, could help inform sexual violence prevention education offered by universities, according to the authors.

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• New data on COVID-19 patients with diabetes show that one in five die within 28 days of hospital admission

  Updated results from the CORONADO study, analysing the outcomes of patients with diabetes admitted to hospital with COVID-19, shows that one in five patients die within 28 days while around half are discharged. The study is published in Diabetologia (the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes [EASD]), and is by Professor Bertrand Cariou and Professor Samy Hadjadj, diabetologists at l’institut du thorax, University Hospital Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, and University of Nantes, France, and colleagues.

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• Placing cosmological constraints on quantum gravity phenomenology

  New York | Heidelberg, 9 February 2021
  Researchers have used cosmological data to place stringent new limits on a model which emerges in attempts to reconcile gravity with the principles of quantum mechanics.

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• Modelling the brain during pain processing

  New York | Heidelberg, 2 February 2021
  Novel approaches in graph theory have enabled researchers to reveal the characteristic configurations of neurons which arise as our brains process pain

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• A full-scale prototype for muon tomography

  New York | Heidelberg, 1 February 2021
  Building on previous studies of muon tomography techniques, this topical issue demonstrates a full-scale prototype for the technology, capable of determining the position of a small lead block within a large sensing area

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• Paving the way for effective field theories

  New York | Heidelberg, 1 February 2021
  A detailed analysis of theories which approximate the underlying properties of physical systems could lead to new advances in studies of low-energy nuclear processes

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• Absence of supporters during football matches associated with fewer altercations on pitch

  Players, staff and officials engaged in shorter and less extensive emotional behaviour and interactions, such as arguments and discussions in games played during the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic, when supporters were absent. The findings are presented in a case study of 20 FC Redbull Salzburg championship group games published in Humanities and Social Sciences Communications.

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• GEFS: Searching beyond seismology for earthquake precursors

  New York | Heidelberg, 25 January 2021
  A proposed collaborative initiative involving researchers in a wide range of fields could lead to better predictions of large-scale seismic events.

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• Tracking the evolution Maxwell knots

  New York | Heidelberg, 15 January 2021
  New research investigates the properties of particular solutions of Maxwell equations, tracking their evolution over time and determining a route to combine them with other systems.

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• Drinking water in several Chinese cities contains high levels of persistent chemicals

  Drinking water in several cities and regions in China contains high levels of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), according to a study published in Environmental Sciences Europe. 

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• Characterising cold fusion in 2D models

  New York | Heidelberg, 15 December 2020
  A new 2D modelling approach has been used to directly calculate how hydrogen nuclei fuse into helium after capturing muons

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• Trapping nanoparticles with optical tweezers

  New York | Heidelberg, 10 December 2020
  By exploiting a particular property of light diffraction at the interface between a glass and a liquid, researchers have demonstrated the first optical tweezers capable of trapping nanoscale particles.

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• Predicting epilepsy from neural network models

  New York | Heidelberg, 7 December 2020
  Improved modelling techniques have enabled a group of researchers to better predict how damaging conditions in the brain can be triggered by complex dynamics in branching networks of neurons.

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• Optimising laser-driven electron acceleration

  New York | Heidelberg, 3 December 2020
  A new paper examines how tuning aspects of a powerful laser beam can affect the acceleration of electrons, attempting to find the recipe for maximum net energy gain.

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• Characterising complex flows in 2D bubble swarms

  New York | Heidelberg, 3 December 2020
  In 2D simulations, the flows surrounding rising swarms of bubbles display characteristically different behaviours to those observed in 3D models

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• Detecting solar neutrinos with the Borexino experiment

  New York | Heidelberg, 3 December 2020
  Neutrinos produced by the CNO cycle within the core of the Sun are being hunted by the Borexino experiment so that we may learn more about this important nuclear process.

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• Building better diffusion models for active systems

  New York | Heidelberg, 19 November 2020
  Modifications to existing theories have enabled researchers to better understand and model the dynamics of systems which don’t obey conventional laws of diffusion.

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• Surgical face masks may impair facial identification

  People may not be able to correctly verify the identity of individuals in photos if they are wearing surgical face masks, according to a study published in the open access journal Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications.

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• Modelling microswimmers for drug delivery

  New York | Heidelberg, 11 November 2020
  Mathematical models of the motion of cells in viscous liquids that show how this motion is affected by the presence of a surfactant coating have applications in the design of artificial microswimmers for targeted drug delivery, micro-surgery and other applications.

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• Investigating optical activity under an external magnetic field

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 November 2020
  New research reveals that applying a magnetic field to a chiral metamaterial can change the way it polarises light.

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• Outcome of 2016 US election associated with poorer mental health in Clinton voters

  There were 54.6 million more days of poor mental health among adults in states that voted for Hillary Clinton in December 2016, compared to October 2016, according to a study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine.

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• Identifying biomolecule fragments in ionising radiation

  New York | Heidelberg, 28 October 2020
  Research published in EPJ D has revealed how the nature of biomolecule fragmentation varies with the energies of electrons produced when living cells are irradiated with heavy ions.

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• Weak equivalence principle violated in gravitational waves

  New York | Heidelberg, 28 October 2020
  Calculations reveal that a key principle of classical physics is broken by quantum particles as they pass through ripples in spacetime.

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• Slowing light in an optical cavity with mechanical resonators and mirrors

  New York | Heidelberg, 15 October 2020
  Theoretical physicists Kamran Ullah and Hameed Ullah have shown how a position-dependent mass optomechanical system involving a cavity between two mirrors, one attached to a resonator, can enhance induced transparency and reduce the speed of light.

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• Avoiding environmental losses in quantum information systems

  New York | Heidelberg, 28 September 2020
  Through new techniques for generating ‘exceptional points’ in quantum information systems, researchers have minimised the transitions through which they lose information to their surrounding environments.

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• Antiferromagnet lattice arrangements influence phase transitions

  New York | Heidelberg, 24 September 2020
  Calculations involving ‘imaginary’ magnetic fields show how the transitioning behaviours of antiferromagnets are subtly shaped by their lattice arrangements.

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• Impurities enhance polymer LED efficiencies

  New York | Heidelberg, 24 September 2020
  Molecular dynamics simulations have shown that the mysteriously high efficiency of polymer LEDs arises from interactions between triplet excitons in their polymer chains, and unpaired electrons in their molecular impurities.

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• A question of reality

  New York | Heidelberg, 24 September 2020
  John Stewart Bell’s eponymous theorem and inequalities set out, mathematically, the contrast between quantum mechanical theories and local realism. They are used in quantum information, which has evolving applications in security, cryptography and quantum computing.

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• Climate change may harm flight of Monarch butterflies

  Projected increases in global temperature may reduce the flight performance and alter the wing shape of North America’s Monarch butterflies in a way that may impede their ability to migrate, according to an experimental study published in the Journal of Insect Conservation.

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• Understanding electron transport in graphene nanoribbons

  New York | Heidelberg, 10 September 2020
  New understanding of the electrical properties of graphene nanoribbons (GRBs), when bounded with aromatic molecules, could have significant benefits in the development of chemosensors and personalised medicine.

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• Measuring electron emission from irradiated biomolecules

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 August 2020
  OrigiA new experiment has characterised the properties of the electrons emitted when a key constituent of DNA is bombarded with high-velocity ions.

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• Updating Turing’s model of pattern formation

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 August 2020
  Through fresh analysis of a method first proposed by Alan Turing to explain the diversity of natural patterns, a team of researchers offer new explanations of how living systems can order themselves on large scales.

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• People with right-wing authoritarian attitudes less likely to alter existing beliefs

  People with strong right-wing authoritarian attitudes, which are characterised by a desire for order, structure, and preservation of social norms, are less likely to alter their beliefs in response to new information, according to a study published in the journal Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.

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• Music training may not make children smarter after all

  Music training does not have a positive impact on children’s cognitive skills, such as memory, and academic achievement, such as maths, reading or writing, according to a study published in Memory & Cognition. 

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• Study links abnormally high blood sugar with higher risk of death in COVID-19 patients not previously diagnosed with diabetes

  London, 10th July 2020

  New research from Wuhan, China shows that, in patients with COVID-19 but without a previous diagnosis of diabetes, abnormally high blood sugar is associated with more than double the risk of death and also an increased risk of severe complications. The study is by Dr Yang Jin, Union Hospital and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China, and colleagues. The study is published in Diabetologia (the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes [EASD]).

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• Pet dogs may improve social-emotional development in young children

  London, 6th July 2020

  Young children from dog-owning households have better social and emotional wellbeing than children from households who do not own a dog, suggests research published in the journal Pediatric Research.

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• Polymers can fine-tune attractions between suspended nanocubes

  New York | Heidelberg, 19 June 2020
  Interactions between hollow silica nanocubes suspended in a solution can be adjusted by varying the concentration of polymer molecules added to the mixture.

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• Skyrmion dynamics and traverse mobility

  New York | Heidelberg, 19 June 2020
  Skyrmions could revolutionise computing exhibiting great potential in the electronic storage of information, and the key to such a breakthrough could be understanding their behaviour under applied currents.

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• Simulating cooperation in local communities

  New York | Heidelberg, 17 June 2020
  Simulations reveal how the social benefits of supplies to goods and service providers in China could be improved through a payoff transfer system, which rewards individuals who cooperate the most with their local communities.

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• Exploring mass dependence in electron-hole clusters

  New York | Heidelberg, 17 June 2020
  New calculations reveal that the behaviours of electron-hole clusters depend strongly on the masses of their particles.

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• Spacecrafts get a boost in ‘Aerogravity Assisted’ interactions

  New York | Heidelberg, 17 June 2020
  New research examines the effect of rotation and other variables in the applications of ‘aerogravity assisted’ manoeuvres to obtain an energy boost for space craft.

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• Reducing the risk of space debris collision

  New York | Heidelberg, 17 June 2020
  An increase in space launches requires the development of a method to clear space debris which could collide with valuable equipment. One plausible method of achieving this through the use of a tug vehicle requires a successful connection procedure.

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• Protecting Earth from asteroid impact with a tethered diversion

  New York | Heidelberg, 17 June 2020
  The use of a tether assisted system could prevent an asteroid impacting Earth without the risk of fragmentation.

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• First study of COVID-19 patients with diabetes shows that 10% die within seven days of hospital admission and two thirds are men

  London, 28th May 2020

  The first study of COVID-19 to specifically analyse the effect of the disease in hospitalised patients with diabetes has found that one in ten patients dies within 7 days of hospital admission, and one in five is intubated and mechanically ventilated by this point. The research is published in Diabetologia (the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes [EASD]), by Professor Bertrand Cariou and Professor Samy Hadjadj, diabetologists at l’institut du thorax, University Hospital Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, and University of Nantes, France, and colleagues.

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• ‘Bottom-heavy squirmers’ adopt characteristic group behaviours

  New York | Heidelberg, 27 May 2020
  Simulated particles which mimic the behaviours of self-propelling microorganisms have distinct collective properties which depend on their velocities and bottom-heaviness.

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• Stresses and flows in ultra-cold superfluids

  New York | Heidelberg, 8 May 2020
  Mathematical modelling of superfluids, which exhibit quantum mechanical properties at a macroscopic scale, shows that they become deformed when flowing around impurities.

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• Mathematical curves predict evolution in Covid-19 spread

  New York | Heidelberg, 23 April 2020
  With the right approach, statistics can be used to reliably track the growth and fall in daily new cases of Covid-19 in China, raising hopes that similar approaches could more accurately predict the spread of the virus in other nations.

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• What protects minority languages from extinction?

  New York | Heidelberg, 21 April 2020
  Mathematical modelling of competing languages in a geographical area suggests two scenarios in which one or more minority languages will be more likely to survive.

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• Modelling wrinkling and buckling in materials that form the basis of flexible electronics

  New York | Heidelberg, 20 April 2020
  As the demand for flexible electronics grows, researchers must develop robust models of how the materials that comprise them behave under stress.

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• Questionable stability of dissipative topological models for classical and quantum systems

  New York | Heidelberg, 15 April 2020Physicists Rebekka Koch and Jan Carl Budich make important contributions to understanding dissipative topological systems by studying the spectral instabilities that occur in the mathematical description and their effect on experimental setups in a new paper in EPJ D.

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• Looking for dark matter

  New York | Heidelberg, 8 April 2020
  A new paper in EPJ D, ‘Constraining domain wall dark matter with a network of superconducting gravimeters and LIGO’, suggests two novel methods of searching for dark matter by measuring tiny perturbations in fundamental constants.

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• Models explain changes in cooking meat

  New York | Heidelberg, 1 April 2020
  By treating meat as a network of flexible polymers surrounded by flowing moisture, computer models can accurately predict how much it will shrink when cooked.

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• Factors associated with discontinuation of erectile dysfunction treatment

  London, 31st March 2020

  The factors associated with men ending treatment for erectile dysfunction have been reviewed in a study published in IJIR: Your Sexual Medicine Journal. The most influential factors reported were treatment ineffectiveness, side effects, the quality of one’s intimate relationship and cost of treatment. The review also highlights the importance of men’s beliefs with regards to erectile dysfunction and its treatment and suggests that these beliefs are potentially modifiable.

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• Frozen-planet states in exotic helium atoms

  New York | Heidelberg, 18 March 2020
  In an elegant study published in EPJ D, physicists from Serbia and Russia have mapped the energy levels and estimated the stability of a ‘frozen planet’ configuration of anti-protonic helium.

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• Distortion isn’t a drag on fluid-straddling particles

  New York | Heidelberg, 17 March 2020
  The drag forces experienced by particles which straddle and distort the interfaces between un-mixable fluids are less influenced by the shape of the distortion than previously thought.

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• Separations between earthquakes reveal clear patterns

  New York | Heidelberg, 25 February 2020
  A new analysis of real earthquake data shows that the similarity between inter-earthquake times and distances displays a distinct relationship with their separation from an initial earthquake.

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• Possible effects of maternal migration on young children in rural China

  London, 12th March 2020

  Maternal migration before children reach 30 months of age may be associated with delayed cognitive development and lower nutritional status in children in rural China, according to a study published in the journal Demography.

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• A better starting point for exploring entanglement

  New York | Heidelberg, 25 February 2020
  Updated mathematical techniques which can distinguish between two types of ‘non-Gaussian curve’ could make it easier for researchers to study the nature of quantum entanglement.

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• Stimulating resonance with two very different forces

  New York | Heidelberg, 25 February 2020
  In some specialised oscillators, two driving forces with significantly different frequencies can work together to make the whole system resonate.

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• Deconstructing Schrödinger’s Cat

  New York | Heidelberg, 14 February 2020
  The French theoretical physicist Franck Laloë presents a modification of Schrödinger’s famous equation that ensures that all measured states are unique, helping to solve the problem that is neatly encompassed in the Schördinger’s cat paradox.

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• Breaking up amino acids with radiation

  New York | Heidelberg, 5 February 2020
  A new study describes how the amino acid, glutamine, is broken up when bombarded with different doses of electrons. This has implications for cancer radiotherapy and understanding the origin of life.

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• Ultracold gases in time-dependent magnetic fields

  New York | Heidelberg, 5 February 2020
  The phase transitions of an ultracold gas under a fluctuating magnetic field show interesting patterns, particularly a loss of symmetry in the energy spectrum that is well observed in the disappearance of the ‘Hofstadter’s butterfly’ effect.

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• Exploring strangeness and the primordial Universe

  New York | Heidelberg, 31 January 2020
  Having studied quark-gluon plasma since the late 1970s, Dr Johann Rafelski summarises the evolution in our understanding of the exotic quark signature of this primordial material which once filled the whole Universe.

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

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• Spinning quantum dots

  New York | Heidelberg, 15 January 2020
  A theoretical analysis of electron spins in slowly moving quantum dots suggests these can be controlled by electric fields.

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• Buckyballs release electron-positron pairs in forward directions

  New York | Heidelberg, 23 December 2019
  Theoretical calculations reveal that when impacted by positrons of particular energies, spherical nanoparticles release unstable electron-positron pairs, with signals dominating in the same direction as the incoming positrons.

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• Time-to-death of Roman emperors followed distinct pattern

  London, 23rd December 2019

  Roman emperors faced a high risk of violent death in their first year of rule, but the risk slowly declined over the next seven years, according to an article published in the open access journal Palgrave Communications.

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• Laser-based prototype probes cold atom dynamics

  New York | Heidelberg, 16 December 2019
  A new prototype design doubles the frequencies of widely used telecommunications lasers to study the dynamics of cold atoms while in space.

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• Unpacking the mystery of Feynman’s reference amplifier

  New York | Heidelberg, 13 December 2019
  A review of lectures given by Feynman between 1946 and 1971 showcase the strong influence that his involvement in the Manhattan Project held on his research, while revealing an intriguing mystery surrounding one particular amplifier device.

  
  

  
  

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• Colliding molecules and antiparticles

  New York | Heidelberg, 13 December 2019
  A new theoretical study of the interaction between positrons and simple tetrahedral and octahedral molecules agrees with experimental work and could have useful implications for PET scanning techniques.

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• Better studying superconductivity in single-layer graphene

  New York | Heidelberg, 13 December 2019
  An existing technique is better suited to describing superconductivity in pure, single-layer graphene than current methods.

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• Proton-hydrogen collision model could impact fusion research

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 December 2019
  A new theoretical model predicts how protons will collide with hydrogen atoms which have been excited to higher energy levels, over a wide range of impact energies.

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• Preterm birth linked to increased rates of diabetes in children and young adults, with certain effects stronger in females

  London, 5th December 2019

  New research shows that preterm birth is linked to increased rates of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and young adults, with certain effects stronger in females. People who have been born preterm may need more intensive monitoring and prevention efforts to lower their risk of diabetes, concludes the study, published in Diabetologia (the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes [EASD]).

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• Chronic opioid treatment may increase PTSD risk

  London, 2nd December 2019

  Long-term (chronic) treatment with opioids, such as morphine, prior to trauma enhances fear learning in mice, according to a study published in Neuropsychopharmacology. 

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• Mathematics reveals new insights into Marangoni flows

  New York | Heidelberg, 25 October 2019
  New theoretical analysis describing the movements of impurity-laden, temperature-varying fluids at water-air interfaces better matches previous experimental observations.

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• Advanced cancer drug shrinks and intercalates DNA

  New York | Heidelberg, 25 October 2019
  Experiments and statistical models reveal that the recently developed cancer drug Pixantrone forces itself inside the double helix structure of DNA molecules, then shrinks their backbones.

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• Years of education may impact drinking behaviour and risk of alcohol dependence

  London, 25th October 2019

  Higher educational attainment – spending more years in education – may impact people’s drinking behaviour and reduce their risk of alcohol dependence, according to a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.

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• Science reveals improvements in Roman building techniques

  New York | Heidelberg, 24 October 2019
  A variety of scientific techniques have been combined to highlight improvements in the technologies employed by the Romans in successive modifications to the Atrium Vestae in Rome.

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• Retrieving physical properties from two-colour laser experiments

  New York | Heidelberg, 24 October 2019
  Useful information about ultrafast light-matter interactions is buried deep in the signals produced by two-colour pump-probe experiments, and requires sophisticated techniques to disentangle it.

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• Deflating beach balls and drug delivery

  New York | Heidelberg, 24 October 2019
  The deflation of beach balls, squash balls and other common objects offers a good model for distortion in microscopic hollow spheres. This can help us understand the properties of some cells and, potentially, develop new drug delivery mechanisms.

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• Determining the shapes of atomic clusters

  New York | Heidelberg, 24 October 2019
  By considering the crystal structures of atomic clusters in new ways, researchers may be able to better assess whether the groups have distinctive shapes, or whether they are amorphous.

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• Modelling ion beam therapy

  New York | Heidelberg, 9 October 2019
  Recent analysis shows precisely how beams of charged particles transfer their energy to water, which has important implications for how these beams are targeted in ion beam cancer therapy.

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• Shocking embryonic limbs into shape

  New York | Heidelberg, 18 September 2019
  Electrical stimulation of early chicken embryos has shed light on the process through which the limbs of all vertebrates are formed.

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

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• Fractal patterns in growing bacterial colonies

  New York | Heidelberg, 18 September 2019
  A new agent-based computer modelling technique has been applied to the growth and sliding movement of colonies of bacteria

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• Global warming may threaten availability of essential brain-building fatty acid

  London, 12th September 2019

  By 2100, 96% of the global population may not have sufficient access to a naturally occurring essential brain-building omega-3 fatty acid, according to a study in the journal Ambio.

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• Conductivity at the edges of graphene bilayers

  New York | Heidelberg, 11 September 2019
  The conductivity of dual layers of graphene greatly depends on the states of carbon atoms at their edges; a property which could have important implications for information transmissions on quantum scales.

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• Science puts historical claims to the test

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 September 2019
  The latest analytical techniques available to scientists can confirm the validity of historical sources in some cases, and suggest a need for reconsideration in others

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

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• Realistic robots get under Galápagos lizards’ skin

  London, 5th September 2019

  Male lava lizards are sensitive to the timing of their opponents’ responses during contest displays, with quicker responses being perceived as more aggressive, a study in Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology suggests.

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• Fragmenting ions and radiation sensitizers

  New York | Heidelberg, 3 September 2019
  A new study using mass spectrometry is helping piece together what happens when DNA that has been sensitized by the oncology drug 5-fluorouracil is subjected to the ionising radiation used in radiotherapy.

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• Enabling longer space missions

  New York | Heidelberg, 15 August 2019
  Hall thrusters, which are already used to propel spacecraft and satellites on long missions, could be used for even longer ones if models for minimising surface erosion were taken into account.

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• Quantum momentum

  New York | Heidelberg, 5 August 2019
  A new quantum-mechanical model has been developed that allows the momentum of quantum particles to be measured using a variant of the classical time-of-flight

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• Entropy explains RNA diffusion rates in cells

  New York | Heidelberg, 5 August 2019
  Mathematical analysis reveals that the exponential patterns in RNA diffusion rates linked to small-scale diffusive behaviours

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• Chemotherapy drugs react differently to radiation while in water

  New York | Heidelberg, 5 August 2019
  A new study looked at the way certain molecules found in chemotherapy drugs react to radiation while in water, which is more similar to in the body, compared to previous research that studied them in gas

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• Spinning towards robust microwave generation on the nano scale

  New York | Heidelberg, 5 August 2019
  New study explains why it is not possible to couple nano-scale microwave generators known as spin-torque oscillators together in series to generate a macroscopic strength signal

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

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• New insights into the early stages of creep deformation

  New York | Heidelberg, 30 July 2019
  Computer simulations show that the evolution of material structures during creep deformation can modify material properties

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

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• Optimising structures within complex arrangements of bubbles

  New York | Heidelberg, 30 July 2019
  Computer simulations reveal how groups of bubbles with two different areas can be optimised to minimise the lengths of the edges at which they touch, potentially allowing for stronger, cheaper structures which emulate bubbly foams.

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

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• Laser solitons: theory, topology and potential applications

  New York | Heidelberg, 30 July 2019
  A group of Russian physicists reviews recent developments in the field of laser solitons, which they have made their own and which may have applications in digital information storage.

  
  

  
  

  
  

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• Diabetes increases the risk of heart failure more in women than men

  London, 18 July 2019

  Diabetes confers a greater excess risk of heart failure in women than men, according to new research in Diabetologia (the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes).

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• Simulations fix the cracks in magnetic mirrors

  New York | Heidelberg, 17 July 2019
  Computer simulations reveal that magnetic mirrors can be tweaked to confine plasma more effectively, by fine-tuning both the arrangements of their electromagnets, and the initial properties of the plasma itself
  

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• Spread-changing orders and deletions affect stock prices

  New York | Heidelberg, 17 July 2019
  A new analysis of the bid-ask spread of stock prices reveals that placements and deletions of trade orders can affect stock prices as much as trades themselves
  

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• Improving the signal-to-noise ratio in quantum chromodynamics simulations

  New York | Heidelberg, 17 July 2019
  A new Monte Carlo based simulation method enables more precise simulation for ensembles of elementary particles
  

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• Improving heat recycling with the thermodiffusion effect

  New York | Heidelberg, 15 July 2019
  Numerical simulations of the thermodiffusion effect within falling film absorbers reveal that thin films composed of liquid mixtures with negative thermodiffusion coefficients enhance the efficiency of heat recycling
  

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• UK study shows obesity in pregnant women associated with a 3.5 times increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the child

  London, 25th June 2019
  

  Obesity during pregnancy is associated with a 3.5-times increased future risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the child, concludes new research published in Diabetologia (the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes).
  

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• How to stop diseases and forest fires from spreading

  New York | Heidelberg, 12 June 2019
  A new model, published in EPJ B and exploring how epidemics spread, could help prevent infections and forest fires from getting out of hand
  

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• No assumptions needed to simulate petroleum reservoirs

  New York | Heidelberg, 4 June 2019
  Hydrocarbons trapped within porous media are easier to model with computer simulations than researchers previously assumed – a discovery that opens up new possibilities for thermodynamics research.
  

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• Dowsing for electric fields in liquid crystals

  New York | Heidelberg, 3 June 2019
  The orientation of the ordered molecules that make up nematic liquid crystals can change under electric fields, and can be used to detect subtle electrical effects.
  

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• Inhibitory neurons have two types of impact on brain oscillations

  New York | Heidelberg, 28 May 2019
  A certain type of neuron, called inhibitory neurons, can have two types of overall effect on oscillations in the brain
  

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• Collagen fibres grow like a sunflower

  New York | Heidelberg, 13 May 2019
  A new study suggests the pattern of fibres in tissues is similar to the petals of a flower
  

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• Using a mobile while browsing the shelves may make shoppers buy more

  London, 7th May 2019

  In-store mobile phone use that is unrelated to shopping may be associated with an increase in unplanned purchases, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science.

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• Vaccine shows lasting effects against fentanyl addiction in rats

  London, 2nd May 2019
  

  A vaccine that combines a fentanyl antigen with a tetanus toxoid has been shown to reduce fentanyl choices and increase food choices with effects lasting several months in rats.
  

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• How red blood cells behave in crowded vessels

  New York | Heidelberg, 26 April 2019
  A new model of red blood flowing through narrow capillaries shows that the cells change shape and alignment, allowing plasma to flow down the sides
  

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• Study reveals elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in young women who had gestational diabetes during pregnancy

  New research published in Diabetologia (the journal of the European Association for Study of Diabetes [EASD]) shows that, in women who develop gestational diabetes (GDM) during pregnancy, the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the years following childbirth is doubled compared to women who do not develop GDM.
  

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• Infinite number of quantum particles gives clues to big-picture behaviour at large scale

  New York | Heidelberg, 9 April 2019
  Scientists gain a deeper understanding of phenomena at macroscopic scale by simulating the consequences of having an infinite number of physical phenomena at quantum scale
  

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• Inner electrons behave differently in aromatic hydrocarbons

  New York | Heidelberg, 9 April 2019
  A new study explores how the characteristics of aromaticity affect the process of Auger decay
  

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• Liquid jets break up more readily on a substrate

  New York | Heidelberg, 3 April 2019
  Using computational models to investigate how liquid drops behave on surfaces
  

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• Magnetic nanoparticles can 'burn' cancer cells

  New York | Heidelberg, 3 April 2019
  Magnetic hyperthermia is still a highly experimental cancer treatment, but new research shows that the therapy is tunable
  

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• Turbulences theory closer high-energy physics than previously thought

  New York | Heidelberg, 2 April 2019
  A new research paper finds the high-energy physics concept of 'un-naturalness' may be applicable to the study of turbulence or that of strongly correlated systems of elementary particles
  

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• Understanding stock market returns: which models fits best?

  New York | Heidelberg, 2 April 2019
  A comparison of two models for stock market prediction shows clear differences in their accuracy, depending on the length of the forecasting period
  

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• Intelligent metamaterials behave like electrostatic chameleons

  New York | Heidelberg, 2 April 2019
  Metashells can adapt their wave-bending behaviour based on the characteristics of the material they contain
  

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• Optimising proton beam therapy with mathematical models

  New York | Heidelberg, 2 April 2019
  New model improves our understanding of energy transfer in radiotherapy treatment plans by replacing 50-year-old parameters with more complex ones
  

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• Traveling-wave tubes: The unsung heroes of space exploration

  New York | Heidelberg, 27 March 2019
  An invention from the 1950s is still being used today
  

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• Two studies describe disruptive and abusive behavior among clinicians in operating rooms

  Assessments of the number of disruptive and abusive behaviors occurring in operating rooms in the USA, Canada and elsewhere is reported in two studies in the Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, which is published by Springer.

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• Gastric bypass surgery causes type 2 diabetes to go into remission in most patients

  A new study published in Diabetologia (the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes [EASD]) has found that three quarters of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were treated with obesity surgery known as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) experienced diabetes remission within one year of treatment.
  

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• Empty homes tax may be more effective than new builds at making housing more affordable

  London, 13th February 2019
  

  Empty homes tax has the potential to generate income for local governments, reduce demand from foreign investors and increase housing affordability, a study suggests.
  

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• Sand fiddler crabs have home advantage in competition for breeding burrows

  London, 7 February 2019
  

  Sand fiddler crabs that reside in a burrow usually prevail if challenged by another, intruding crab, provided their claw pinching strength is similar to that of the competing crab, a study suggests.
  

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• Electron-gun simulations explain the mechanisms of high-energy cosmic rays

  New York | Heidelberg, 6 February 2019
  Model explains the mechanisms of scraping negative ions from moving surfaces under a strong electric field
  

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• NBA players who shine early stay skilled for longer

  Speed at which National Basketball Association (NBA) players’ performance declines with age after peak depends on early career development, study suggests.

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• New university ranking system includes the cultural perspective

  New York | Heidelberg, 25 January 2019
  A new study proposes a new way of ranking universities, using a more balanced cultural view and based on 24 international editions of Wikipedia
  

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• Better safeguards for sensitive information

  New York | Heidelberg, 25 January 2019
  Study improves the lower boundary and secret key capacity of an encryption channel
  

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• How ion adsorption affects biological membranes’ functions

  New York | Heidelberg, 25 January 2019
  A new study presents new models describing how the adsorption of calcium, barium and strontium ions onto biological membranes may affect the functions of cells
  

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• Quantifying how much quantum information can be eavesdropped

  New York | Heidelberg, 25 January 2019
  New study yields more precise characterisation of monogamous and polygamous entanglement of quantum information units
  

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• 3D virtual slicing of an antique violin reveals ancient varnishing methods

  New York | Heidelberg, 25 January 2019
  Physicists and chemists use 3D scanning to unlock the forgotten secrets of the multi-layered coating methods that give violins their exceptional tone and look
  

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• Violence in PG-13 rated movies not linked to violence in US society

  London, 18th January 2019
  

  New research suggests that policy makers should remain focused on issues that have been demonstrated to impact criminal behaviour, such as family environment, mental health, poverty and education.
  

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• Risk factors for obesity may differ for Hispanic and non-Hispanic white babies

  Heidelberg | New York, 10 January 2019

  New research suggests that a targeted and personalized approach would help tackle obesity in at-risk populations  
  

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• Drinking water guidelines in the US vary widely from state to state

  Heidelberg | New York, 8 January 2019

  Analysis of existing state and federal guidelines shows discrepancies in recommended safe levels of toxic contaminants PFOA and PFOS in drinking water
  

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• Changing communities may affect the success of Iceland’s evacuation guidelines

  Heidelberg | New York, 20 December 2018   

  Researchers survey communities in Iceland to find out how and why they did or did not evacuate their homes during the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull
  

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• The coming of age of plasma physics

  New York | Heidelberg, 11 July 2018
  The story of the generation of physicists involved in the development of a sustainable energy source, controlled fusion, using a method called magnetic confinement
  

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• Holey graphene as Holy Grail alternative to silicon chips

  New York | Heidelberg, 19 December 2018
  Novel spintronics applications could stem from introducing holes into graphene to form triangular antidot lattices, granting the material new magnetic properties
  

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• Preventing concrete bridges from falling apart

  New York | Heidelberg, 19 December 2018
  Concrete degradation from sulfuric acid can be avoided by finding ways of preventing its gas precursor from adsorbing into concrete
  

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• Sac with spiral surface patterns facilitate substance delivery through biological membranes

  New York | Heidelberg, 19 December 2018
  Faceted microfilms made up of liquid crystals arranged in spiral patterns can help squeeze through membranes and deliver helpful molecules
  

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• Ophthalmologists call for more robust regulations for the sale of laser pointers

  Heidelberg | New York, 17 December 2018   

  New study shows that children with learning or behavioral difficulties may be susceptible to self-inflicted eye damage from laser pointers
  

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