Inverse Methods in Electromagnetic Imaging

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

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2. Polarization Utilization in the Electromagnetic Vector Inverse Problem

   1. Study of Two Scatterer Interference with a Polarimetric FM/CW Radar

      • P. S. P. Wei, M. M. Rackson, T. C. Bradley, T. H. Meyer, J. D. Kelly

      Pages 673-682

   2. Polarization Dependence in Angle Tracking Systems

      • Daniel D. Carpenter

      Pages 683-694

   3. Interpretation of High-Resolution Polarimetric Radar Target Down-Range Signatures Using Kennaugh’s and Huynen’s Target Characteristic Operator Theories

      • Anthony C. Manson, Wolfgang-M. Boerner

      Pages 695-720

   4. Demands on Polarization Purity in the Measurement and Imaging of Distributed Clutter

      • Andrew J. Blanchard, Richard C. Newton

      Pages 721-737

   5. Polarization Vector Signal Processing For Radar Clutter Suppression

      • Vincent C. Vannicola, Stanley Lis

      Pages 739-770

3. Image Quality and Image Resolution in Remote Sensing and Surveillance

   1. The Radiative Transfer Approach in Electromagnetic Imaging

      • Akira Ishimaru

      Pages 771-795

   2. Towards a Theory of Perception for Radar Targets

      • J. Richard Huynen

      Pages 797-822

   3. Radar Imagery

      • Torleiv Orhaug

      Pages 823-839

   4. Inverse Methods Applied to Microwave Target Imaging

      • L. A. Cram

      Pages 841-870

   5. Optimum Detection Techniques in Relation to Shape and Size of Objects, Motion Pattern and Material Composition

      • Dag T. Gjessing, Jens Hjelmstad, Terje Lund

      Pages 871-905

   6. Inverse Methods for Ocean Wave Imaging by SAR

      • S. Rotheram, J. T. Macklin

      Pages 907-930

   7. Inverse Methods in Rough-Surface Scattering

      • Adrian K. Fung

      Pages 931-942

   8. On the Optimum Detection of Surface Chemical Compounds

      • Terje Lund

      Pages 943-953

   9. Inversion Problems in SAR Imaging

      • Richard W. Larson, David R. Lyzenga, Robert A. Shuchman

      Pages 955-967

   10. Inverse Methods in Radio Glaciology

       • M. E. R. Walford

       Pages 969-983

   11. Fast Millimeter Wave Imaging

       • Hans H. Brand

       Pages 985-995

   12. Electromagnetic Low Frequency Imaging

       • S. K. Chaudhuri

       Pages 997-1007

   13. Electromagnetic Imaging of Dieletric Targets

       • Heinz Chaloupka

       Pages 1009-1021

   14. A Four-Channel Millimeter-Wave On-Line Imaging Method

       • Jörgen Detlefsen

       Pages 1023-1032

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the use of polarization effects for radar and electromagnetic imaging problems (References 1, 2, and 3). The problem of electro­ magnetic imaging can be divided into the following areas: (1) Propagation of the Stokes' vector from the transmitter to the target region through various atmospheric conditions (rain, dust, fog, clouds, turbulence, etc.). (2) Scattering of the Stokes' vector from the object. (3) Scattering of the Stokes' vector from the rough surface, terrain, and the volume scattering. (4) Propagation of the Stokes' vector from the target region to the receiver. (5) The characteristics of the receiver relating the Stokes' vector to the output. The propagation characteristics of the Stokes' vector through various media can be described by the equation of transfer. Even though the scalar equation of transfer has been studied extensively in the past, the vector equation of transfer has not received as much attention. In recent years, however, a need for further study of the vector radiative transfer theory has become increasingly evident and several important studies have been reported. This paper presents a general formulation of the vector theory of radiative transfer under general anisotropic scattering conditions. Some useful solutions are also presented 4 8 for several practical situations. - 2. GENERAL FORMULATION OF VECTOR RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY Let us consider the plane-parallel problem Shovlll in Figure 1.

• image processing
• material
• radar
• signal processing

• Communications Laboratory, EECS Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA

  Wolfgang-M. Boerner

• High Frequency Engineering Laboratories, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany

  Hans Brand

• Thorn EMI, Electronics Ltd., UK

  Leonard A. Cram

• Royal Norwegian Council for Industrial and Scientific Research, ESTP, Kjeller, Norway

  Dag T. Gjessing

• Space Sciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory, USA

  Arthur K. Jordan

• Institüt für HF-Technik, DFVLR, Germany

  Wolfgang Keydel, Martin Vogel

• Siemens Medical Division, Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany

  Günther Schwierz

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