Bone Quantitative Ultrasound

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

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2. Bone Overview

   • David Mitton, Christian Roux, Pascal Laugier

   Pages 1-28

3. Introduction to the Physics of Ultrasound

   • Pascal Laugier, Guillaume Haïat

   Pages 29-45

4. Quantitative Ultrasound Instrumentation for Bone In Vivo Characterization

   • Pascal Laugier

   Pages 47-71

5. Clinical Applications

   • Reinhard Barkmann, Claus-C. Glüer

   Pages 73-81

6. Poromechanical Models

   • Michal Pakula, Mariusz Kaczmarek, Frederic Padilla

   Pages 83-121

7. Scattering by Trabecular Bone

   • Frédéric Padilla, Keith Wear

   Pages 123-145

8. Guided Waves in Cortical Bone

   • Maryline Talmant, Josquin Foiret, Jean-Gabriel Minonzio

   Pages 147-179

9. Numerical Methods for Ultrasonic Bone Characterization

   • Emmanuel Bossy, Quentin Grimal

   Pages 181-228

10. Homogenization Theories and Inverse Problems

    • Robert P. Gilbert, Ana Vasilic, Sandra Ilic

    Pages 229-263

11. Linear Acoustics of Trabecular Bone

    • Janne P. Karjalainen, Ossi Riekkinen, Juha Töyräs, Jukka S. Jurvelin

    Pages 265-289

12. The Fast and Slow Wave Propagation in Cancellous Bone: Experiments and Simulations

    • Atsushi Hosokawa, Yoshiki Nagatani, Mami Matsukawa

    Pages 291-318

13. Phase Velocity of Cancellous Bone: Negative Dispersion Arising from Fast and Slow Waves, Interference, Diffraction, and Phase Cancellation at Piezoelectric Receiving Elements

    • Christian C. Anderson, Adam Q. Bauer, Karen R. Marutyan, Mark R. Holland, Michal Pakula, G. Larry Bretthorst et al.

    Pages 319-330

14. Linear Ultrasonic Properties of Cortical Bone: In Vitro Studies

    • Guillaume Haïat

    Pages 331-360

15. Ultrasonic Monitoring of Fracture Healing

    • Vasilios C. Protopappas, Maria G. Vavva, Konstantinos N. Malizos, Demos Polyzos, Dimitrios I. Fotiadis

    Pages 361-379

16. Nonlinear Acoustics for Non-invasive Assessment of Bone Micro-damage

    • Marie Muller, Guillaume Renaud

    Pages 381-408

17. Microscopic Elastic Properties

    • Kay Raum

    Pages 409-439

18. Ultrasonic Computed Tomography

    • Philippe Lasaygues, Régine Guillermin, Jean-Pierre Lefebvre

    Pages 441-459

19. Back Matter

    Pages 461-468

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Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of bone is a relatively recent research field. The research community is steadily growing, with interdisciplinary branches in acoustics, medical imaging, biomechanics, biomedical engineering, applied mathematics, bone biology and clinical sciences, resulting in significant achievements in new ultrasound technologies to measure bone, as well as models to elucidate the interaction and the propagation of ultrasonic wave in complex bone structures. Hundreds of articles published in specialists journals are accessible from the Web and from electronic libraries. However, no compilation and synthesis of the most recent and significant research exist. The only book on QUS of bone has been published in 1999 at a time when the propagation mechanisms of ultrasound in bone were still largely unknown and the technology was immature. The research community has now reached a critical size, special sessions are organized in major international meetings (e.g., at the World Congress of Biomechanics, the annual meetings of the Acoustical Society of America, International Bone Densitometry Workshop, etc...). Consequently, the time has come for a completely up to date, comprehensive review of the topic. The book will offer the most recent experimental results and theoretical concepts developed so far and is intended for researchers, graduate or undergraduate students, engineers, and clinicians who are involved in the field. The central part of the book covers the physics of ultrasound propagation in bone. Our goal is to give the reader an extensive view of the mathematical and numerical models as an aid to understand the QUS potential and the types of variables that can be determined by QUS in order to characterize bone strength. The propagation of sound in bone is still subject of intensive research. Different models have been proposed (for example, the Biot theory of poroelasticity and the theory of scattering have been used to describe wave propagation in cancellous bone, whereas propagation in cortical bone falls in the scope of guided waves theories). An extensive review of the models has not been published so far. We intend in this book to present in details the models that are used to solve the direct problem and strategies that are currently developed to address the inverse problem. This will include analytical theories and numerical approaches that have grown exponentially in recent years. Most recent experimental findings and technological developments will also be comprehensively reviewed.

• Ultrasonography

• UMR CNRS, Labo. d'Imagerie Parametrique, Université Paris VI, Paris, France

  Pascal Laugier

• , Labortatoire Modélisation Simulation Mul, CNRS, Créteil, France

  Guillaume Haïat

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