Emerging and Endemic Pathogens

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xviii

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2. Keynote Contribution

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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3. Keynotes Contribution

   1. Global Effect and Prevention of Emerging and Epidemic Pathogens: Cholera and Citrus Greening as Examples

      • J. Glenn Morris Jr.

      Pages 3-11

4. Surveillance

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 13-13

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   2. The Epidemiological Surveillance of Highly Pathogenic Diseases in Kazakhstan

      • Alim M. Aikimbayev, Jumabek Y. Bekenov, Tatyana V. Meka-Mechenko, Gulnara A. Temiraliyeva

      Pages 15-20

   3. Surveillance on Plague in Natural Foci in Georgia

      • Lela Bakanidze, Paata Imnadze, Svetlana Chubinidze, Nikoloz Tsertsvadze, Gela Mgeladze, Irakli Shalutashvili et al.

      Pages 21-28

   4. Application of Modern Techniques for Studying Bacterial Pathogens in Georgia

      • Ekaterine Zhgenti, Gvantsa Chanturia, Mariam Zakalashvili, Merab Kekelidze

      Pages 29-37

   5. Especially Dangerous Infections in Azerbaijan

      • Sh. Gurbanov, S. Akhmedova

      Pages 39-43

   6. Strengthening the Early-Warning Function of the Surveillance System: The Macedonian Experience

      • Elisaveta Stikova, Dragan Gjorgjev, Zarko Karadzovski

      Pages 45-58

   7. Integrating Geographic Information Systems and Ecological Niche Modeling into Disease Ecology: A Case Study of Bacillus anthracis in the United States and Mexico

      • Jason K. Blackburn

      Pages 59-88

5. Molecular Analysis and Tools

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 89-89

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   2. Applications of Paleomicrobiology to the Understanding of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases

      • Gérard Aboudharam, Michel Drancourt, Didier Raoult

      Pages 91-98

   3. Characterization of a Putative Hemagglutinin Gene in the Caprine Model for Brucellosis

      • Quinesha L. Perry, Sue D. Hagius, Joel V. Walker, Lauren Duhon, Philip H. ELZER

      Pages 99-108

   4. Pathoadaptation of Especially Dangerous Pathogens

      • Alexander Rakin

      Pages 109-118

   5. Detection of Pathogens Via High-Throughput Sequencing

      • Akbar S. Khan

      Pages 119-123

   6. Environmental Influences on the Relative Stability of Baculoviruses and Vaccinia Virus: A Review

      • Gary D. Ouellette, Patricia E. Buckley, Kevin P. O’Connell

      Pages 125-149

6. Back Matter

   Pages 151-154

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It is a truism among biologists that an organism’s phenotype is the product of both its genotype and its environment. An organism’s genotype contains the total informational potential of the individual, while its environment shapes the expression of the ge- type, influences the rate of mutation and occurrence of modifications, and ultimately determines the likelihood that the genotype (or fractions thereof) will survive into the next generation. In the relationship between host and pathogen, therefore, each forms a part of the environment of the other, mutually influencing the biology of both partners on scales ranging from the life history of individuals to the fate of populations or entire species. Molecular biologists working on problems in pathogenesis generally think of the host organism as the pathogen’s environment and perhaps occasionally consider the pathogen as part of the host’s environment. However, because “environment” can be defined at many scales, so, too, can phenotypes: if a pathogen, as a species, is c- sidered to exist in a host, as a species, then among its phenotypes is the nature of the pandemic disease it can cause within the host community. The contributors to the proceedings of this NATO Advanced Research Workshop have treated the interplay of environment and genotype in the host–pathogen relationship and its relationship to the problem of emerging infectious disease at both the macroscopic and microscopic/ molecular levels along this continuum of scale (with some human history thrown in at times for good measure).

• Biological Defense Research
• Emerging and Endemic Pathogens
• Pathogen Detection and Identification
• Public Health
• Virus
• genes
• microbiology

• US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Cen, Aberdeen Proving Ground, USA

  Kevin P. O'Connell, Evan W. Skowronski

• Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA

  Alexander Sulakvelidze

• National Center for Disease Control, Tbilisi, Georgia

  Lela Bakanidze

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