The Impact of Climatic Variations on Agriculture

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

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2. The Impact of Climatic Variations on Agriculture: Introduction to the IIASA/UNEP Case Studies

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-10

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   2. The Assessment of Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture: Aims, Methods and Summary of Results

      • Martin Parry, Timothy Carter

      Pages 11-95

   3. The Choice of First-Order Impact Models

      • Timothy Carter, Nicolaas Konijn, Robert Watts

      Pages 97-123

   4. Development of Climatic Scenarios: A. From General Circulation Models

      • Wilfrid Bach

      Pages 125-157

   5. Development of Climatic Scenarios: B. Background to the Instrumental Record

      • Jill Jäger

      Pages 159-181

   6. A Case Study of the Effects of CO2-Induced Climatic Warming on Forest Growth and the Forest Sector: A. Productivity Reactions of Northern Boreal Forests

      • Pekka Kauppi, Maximilian Posch

      Pages 183-195

   7. A Case Study of the Effects of CO2-Induced Climatic Warming on Forest Growth and the Forest Sector: B. Economic Effects on the World’s Forest Sector

      • Clark S. Binkley

      Pages 197-218

3. Estimating Effects of Climatic Change on Agriculture in Saskatchewan, Canada

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 219-226

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   2. Introduction

      • Martin L. Parry, Timothy R. Carter, Nicolaas T. Konijn

      Pages 227-257

   3. The Effects on the Agroclimatic Environment

      • Martin L. Parry, Timothy R. Carter, Nicolaas T. Konijn

      Pages 259-280

   4. The Effects on Potential for Wind Erosion of Soil

      • Martin L. Parry, Timothy R. Carter, Nicolaas T. Konijn

      Pages 281-292

   5. The Effects on Spring Wheat Production

      • Martin L. Parry, Timothy R. Carter, Nicolaas T. Konijn

      Pages 293-320

   6. The Effects on the Farm and Provincial Economy

      • Martin L. Parry, Timothy R. Carter, Nicolaas T. Konijn

      Pages 321-349

   7. Conclusions and Implications

      • Martin L. Parry, Timothy R. Carter, Nicolaas T. Konijn

      Pages 351-365

4. Back Matter

   Pages 367-379

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5. The Effects of Climatic Variations on Agriculture in Iceland

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 381-388

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   2. Introduction

      • Martin L. Parry, Timothy R. Carter, Nicolaas T. Konijn

      Pages 389-413

   3. The Effects on Agricultural Potential

      • Martin L. Parry, Timothy R. Carter, Nicolaas T. Konijn

      Pages 415-444

   4. The Effects on Grass Yield, and Their Implications for Dairy Farming

      • Martin L. Parry, Timothy R. Carter, Nicolaas T. Konijn

      Pages 445-474

Three important studies were initiated in the 1970s to investigate the relation­ ship between climatic variations and agriculture: by the National Delcnse University (1980) on Crop Yields and Climate Change to the Year 2000, by the U.s. Department of Transportation (1975) on Impacts of Climatic Change on the Biosphere and by the U.S. Department of Energy (1980) on Environmental and Societal Consequences of a Possible CO -Induced Climatic Change (the ClAP 2 study). These were pioneering projects in a young field. Their emphasis was on measuring likely impacts of climatic variations rather than on evaluating possible responses, and they focused on first-order impacts (e.g., on crop yields) rather than on higher-order effects on society. A logical next step was to look at higher-order effects and potential responses, as part of a more integrated approach to impact assessment. This was undertaken by the World Climate Impact Program (WCIP), which is directed by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The WCIP is one of four aspects of the World Climate Program that was initiated in 1979. At a meeting in 1982, the Scientific Advisory Committee of WCIP accepted, in broad terms, a proposal from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) for an integrated climate impact assessment, with the proviso that the emphasis be on impacts in the agricultural sector. Martin Parry was asked to design and direct the project at IIASA. Funding was provided by UNEP, IIASA, the Austrian Government and the United Nations University.

• agriculture
• biosphere
• climate
• climate change
• crop
• energy
• environment
• forest
• growth
• plant growth
• rice
• soil
• transport
• wind

`It is an admirable book in its breadth and depth. It is authoritative, up-to-date, extensively referenced and illustrated. There are many tables of data ... Put it high on your list of recommendations for library purchase.'
E. Linacre, Australian Geographer, November 1989

`... this is a book which should be read by all planners and policy makers as well as agricultural scientists who are endeavouring to have a complete knowledge of their subject.'
W.J. Ridgman, Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 113, 1989

`In addition this volume contains a lot of data about climatic and other site factors influencing biomass production as well as about economic conditions in the different regions. Together with volume 2 this volume provides an important basis for ecologists as well as for economists for studying the interaction between climate and plant growth and biomass production in the different regions of the world.'
Agroforestry Systems, 10, 1990

• Department of Geography, The University of Birmingham, UK

  Martin L. Parry, Timothy R. Carter

• IIASA, Vienna, Austria

  Martin L. Parry, Timothy R. Carter

• Department of Soil Science, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

  Nicolaas T. Konijn

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