Chemistry and Physics of Fracture

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XIII

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2. Introductory Lectures

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Chemistry and Physics of Fracture (An Overview)

      • A. S. Argon

      Pages 3-11

   3. What, if Anything, Can Chemistry Offer to Fracture Mechanics?

      • George M. Whitesides, Thomas X. Neenan

      Pages 12-22

   4. Mechanics of Brittle Cracking of Crystal Lattices and Interfaces

      • James R. Rice

      Pages 23-43

   5. Materials Science of Fracture Processes

      • J. F. Knott

      Pages 44-59

3. Theory of Fracture

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 61-61

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   2. Plastic Processes at Crack Tips

      • P. Neumann

      Pages 63-84

   3. Discussion: Remark Concerning the Evidence of Cleavage in our Experiments in Single Crystals of Fe2.6%Si.

      • P. Neumann, H. Vehoff

      Pages 85-90

   4. Plastic Flow Instabilities at Crack Tips

      • Robert M. McMeeking

      Pages 91-128

   5. Distributed Damage Processes in Fracture

      • Anthony W. Thompson

      Pages 129-147

   6. A Comparison of Void Growth and Ductile Failure in Plane and Axisymmetric States of Strain

      • J W Hancock

      Pages 148-160

4. Solid State Chemistry and Physics of Fracture

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 161-161

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   2. Theoretical Approaches to Materials Design: Intergranular Embrittlement

      • M. E. Eberhart, D. D. Vvedensky

      Pages 163-176

   3. Interatomic Forces and the Simulation of Cracks

      • M. W. Finnis

      Pages 177-195

   4. Application of the Embedded Atom Method to Hydrogen Embrittlement

      • Murray S. Daw, Michael I. Baskes

      Pages 196-218

   5. Theory of Environmental Effects on Transgranular Fracture

      • K. Sieradzki

      Pages 219-252

5. Solution Chemistry

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 253-253

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   2. Surface Chemistry in Aqueous Solutions

      • Digby D. Macdonald

      Pages 255-286

   3. Crack-Tip Electrochemistry: Recent Developments

      • A. Turnbull

      Pages 287-310

For many years it has been recognized that engineering materials that are-tough and ductile can be rendered susceptible to premature fracture through their reaction with the environment. Over 100 years ago, Reynolds associated hydrogen with detrimental effects on the ductility of iron. The "season cracking" of brass has been a known problem for dec­ ades, but the mechanisms for this stress-corrosion process are only today being elucidated. In more recent times, the mechanical properties of most engineering materials have been shown to be adversely affected by hydrogen embrittlement or stress-corrosion cracking. Early studies of environmental effects on crack growth attempted to identify a unified theory to explain the crack growth behavior of groups of materials in a variety of environments. It is currently understood that there are numerous stress-corrosion processes some of which may be common to several materials, but that the crack growth behavior of a given material is dependent on microstructure, microchemistry, mechanics, surface chemistry, and solution chemistry. Although the mechanism by which various chemical species in the environment may cause cracks to propagate in some materials but not in others is very complex, the net result of all environmentally induced fracture is the reduction in the force and energy associated with the tensile or shear separation of atoms at the crack tip.

• alloy
• crystal
• electrochemistry
• fatigue
• fracture mechanics
• neutron scattering
• thermodynamics

• Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

  R. M. Latanision

• Materials Science and Technology Department, Battelle Northwest Laboratories, Richland, USA

  R. H. Jones

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