The BALB/c Mouse

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XVI

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2. History of the BALB/c Family

   1. History of the BALB/c Family

      • M. Potter

      Pages 1-5

3. Genetic Differences in BALB/c Sublines

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 7-7

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   2. Some Unusual Genetic Characteristics of BALB/c and Evidence for Genetic Variation Among BALB/c Substrains

      • T. H. Roderick, S. H. Langley, E. H. Leiter

      Pages 9-18

   3. Genetic Differences in BALB/c Sublines

      • J. Hilgers, R. van Nie, D. Iványi, J. Hilkens, R. Michalides, J. de Moes et al.

      Pages 19-30

   4. A Series of Recombinant Inbred Strains Between the BALB/cHeA and STS/A Mouse Strains

      • J. Hilgers, J. Arends

      Pages 31-37

   5. Characteristics of the wm Substrain of BALB/c Mice

      • W. H. Murphy, G. L. Bolgos

      Pages 38-42

   6. Qa2 Expression in BALB/c Sublines and a BALB/cLAC Tumor

      • M. J. Rogers, G. Galetto, R. Matthai, M. Potter

      Pages 43-49

   7. Studies into the raf and Rif Genes in the Mouse

      • V. Pachnis, A. Belayew, S. M. Tilghman

      Pages 50-52

   8. Genetic Analysis of Alphafetoprotein Levels in BALB/c Sublines

      • E. P. Blankenhorn, J. S. Wax, R. Matthai, M. Potter

      Pages 53-57

   9. The Origin and Meiotic Instability of a Polymorphic Repetitive Sequence PRI Family

      • R. Kominami, M. Muramatsu, K. Sudo, H. Yoshikura, H. Suzuki, K. Moriwaki et al.

      Pages 58-65

   10. Genetic Variation in Catecholamine Responsive Metabolic Pathways — A Hypothesis for a Common Regulatory Mechanism in BALB/c Sublines

       • L. P. Kozak

       Pages 66-70

   11. DNA Hybridization Subtraction: Differences Detected Between BALB/cAnPt and BALB/cJax at the DNA Level

       • K. Huppi, A. von Deimling, J. Mushinski, M. Potter

       Pages 71-77

   12. Differential Susceptibility of BALB/c Sublines to Diabetes Induction by Multi-Dose Streptozotocin Treatment

       • E. H. Leiter

       Pages 78-85

   13. Genetically Contaminated BALB/c Nude Mice

       • E. Gubbels, R. Poort-Keesom, J. Hilgers

       Pages 86-88

   14. The Genetic Stability of Endogenous Type B and C Retroviruses in BALB/c Sublines

       • D. Gallahan, J. Robbins, L. Byrd, R. Callahan

       Pages 89-94

4. Differences in Response to Infections

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 95-95

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   2. Response of BALB/c Mice to Leishmanial Infection

      • J. M. Blackwell, B. Roberts, J. Alexander

      Pages 97-106

   3. Immunoprophylaxis in BALB/c Mice: A Model for Development of Protection Against Primary and Secondary Infection with Leishmania major

      • B. A. Mock, A. H. Fortier, M. S. Meltzer, C. A. Nacy

      Pages 107-114

   4. Genetic Control of Systemic Leishmania major Infection: Identification of Subline Differences for Susceptibility to Disease

      • B. A. Mock, A. H. Fortier, M. Potter, J. Blackwell, C. A. Nacy

      Pages 115-121

The mouse was first used in immunological research by Paul Ehrlich in 1891 in an extraordinary series of experiments on the maternal transfer of antitoxic immunity. A short 22 years later in 1913 Halsey Bagg acquired a stock of albino mice from a commercial dealer and used them in a series of experiments on learning. Because he was interested in the genetics of intelligence, Halsey Bagg began breeding a pedigreed line of these mice that were subsequently named for him - Bagg Albino. Though Halsey Bagg is not credited with initiating the inbred strains of mice, his stock curiously has played an indisputably important role. Bagg Albinos were progenitors of the present day BALB/c family of sublines - the subject of this book. They were also used as one of the parents in the development of inbred strains A, CBA and C3H, three other very famous strains. Today the BALB/c mouse is among the five most widely used inbred strains in biomedical research and a particular favorite in immunology and infectious disease research. The hallmark of the BALB/c response to so many kinds of infections is susceptibility and sometimes an exaggerated susceptibility, but this paradoxically is not associated with immunodeficiency as BALB/c is an excellent responder to immuni­ zation. These characteristics have made the BALB/c mouse a model for identifying genes that determine susceptibility to infectious and neoplastic diseases. In 1985 the laboratory BALB/c mouse became 72 years old. The current filial generations are somewhere around 350 generations [MURPHY].

• diseases
• genetics
• immunodeficiency
• immunology
• infection
• infections
• infectious disease

• Laboratory of Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA

  Michael Potter

Policies and ethics