Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

PTSD is in no way an easy diagnosis for the patient, the provider, or the therapist. It is a diagnosis developed at the border of our capacity to handle extreme stress, a marker diagnosis denoting the limits of our capacity for functioning in the stress of this modern world. For both individuals and society, PTSD marks the limits of our available compassion and our capacity to protect ourselves from the dangers of the environment and other humans. PTSD is often a chronic disease, forming at a place where mind sometimes no longer equals the brain, a point at which individual patient requirements often trump theory and belief.

There are treatments for PTSD that work, and many that do not. This book presents evidence, rather than theory, anecdote, or case report.  Psychological approaches including prolonged exposure, imagery rehearsal therapy and EMDR have a greater than 75% positive short-term response when used to treat PTSD. Yet these treatments vary markedlyand have different, even contradictory underlying theory and objectives for treatment. Medications, rarely indicated as primary therapy, can be used to treat symptoms and address comorbid PTSD diagnoses. Treatment of sleep apnea in the PTSD population produces a positive effect on symptoms and a reduction in morbidity and mortality across the span of life. Complementary treatments offer the many individuals chronically affected by PTSD assistance in coping with symptoms and opportunities to attempt to functionally integrate their experience of trauma.

• PTSD
• Trauma
• Sleep
• Nightmares
• Treatment
• Complex PTSD
• Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies

• University of Colorado System, School of Medicine, Arroyo Seco, USA

  J.F. Pagel

James F. Pagel MS, MD

Associate Clinical Professor

University of Colorado

School of Medicine

Director Rocky Mt. Sleep

Pueblo, CO 

Policies and ethics