Motherhood in the Context of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

   PDF

2. Introduction

   • Rafaela Pascoal

   Pages 1-11

3. The International Legal Framework on Human Trafficking

   • Rafaela Pascoal

   Pages 13-33

4. Sexual Exploitation from Origin Countries to Destination Countries

   • Rafaela Pascoal

   Pages 35-59

5. Sexual Exploitation in the Destination Country

   • Rafaela Pascoal

   Pages 61-90

6. Motherhood of Nigerian and Romanian Women in Sexual Exploitation

   • Rafaela Pascoal

   Pages 91-147

7. Protection and Victim’s Assistance

   • Rafaela Pascoal

   Pages 149-200

8. Back Matter

   Pages 201-206

   PDF

This book discusses motherhood of Nigerian and Romanian women in Italy and Romania, who are human trafficking victims for sexual purposes. It provides a broad gender approach to emerge on the phenomenon of human trafficking with an analytic perspective of all the social, cultural, legal and economic components that play an important role during all phases of motherhood. The book compares the motherhood of these two nationalities within a context of an illegal/legal status in the European territory. It reflects on the used terms of vulnerability, sexual exploitation, victim, resistance and resilience. This book enlightens scholars and students with a broad perspective on this complex phenomenon, understanding the intersectionality of the victims’ features and its relation with the  several push and pull factors that lead a human trafficking victim into vulnerability, resistance and resilience.

• International Legal Framework on Human Trafficking
• Definition of Sexual Exploitation
• Causes of Sexual Exploitation
• Motherhood of Nigerian and Romanian Women
• Human Trafficking and Children
• Italian Legislation on Human Trafficking
• Motherhood and Human Trafficking
• Human Trafficking Victims in Europe
• Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation
• Human Trafficking Victim and Vulnerability
• Resilience of Human Trafficking Victims
• trafficking
• sexual behaviour

• Department of Cultures and Societies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

  Rafaela Pascoal

Rafaela Pascoal is a Research Fellow in the Department of Culture and Societies at the University of Palermo. Rafaela finished her PhD at the University of Palermo with the thesis “The vulnerability of Nigerian and Romanian women in sexual exploitation. Motherhood as a double vulnerability.” She is also one of the Cofounders of the International Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Human Rights She has published several articles on the subject of Human Trafficking, Migration and Gender in Romanian, Portuguese and American Journals, as well as four book chapters. She has also presented several conferences in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Romania, Lithuania and Italy. Besides her work as an Academic, Rafaela has also worked seven years on the implementation of several transnational projects on the issue of migration and human trafficking. 

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