Genetic Engineering of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation and Conservation of Fixed Nitrogen

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiv

   PDF

2. Introduction

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

      PDF

   2. Prefatory Chapter — Enhancing Biological Production of Ammonia from Atmospheric Nitrogen and Soil Nitrate

      • Alexander Hollaender

      Pages 2-5

   3. Support of Problem Focused Nitrogen Fixation Research at the National Science Foundation

      • H. T. Huang

      Pages 7-10

   4. Biological Nitrogen Fixation Research at the University of California, Davis

      • C. E. Hess

      Pages 11-11

3. Genetics and Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 13-13

      PDF

   2. Molecular Cloning of Nitrogen Fixation Genes

      1. Molecular Cloning of Nitrogen Fixation Genes from <u>Rhizobium Meliloti</u>

         • Frederick M. Ausubel, Gary B. Ruvkun

         Pages 15-30

      2. Cloning DNA from <u>Rhizobium Meliloti</u> Using a New Broad Host Range, Binary Vehicle System

         • G. Ditta, S. Stanfield, D. Corbin, D. R. Helinski

         Pages 31-40

      3. Molecular Cloning of <u>Rhizobium Japonicum</u> DNA in <u>E. Coli</u> and Identification of Nitrogen Fixation (<u>Nif</u>) Genes

         • Hauke Hennecke, Jonathan R. Mielenz

         Pages 41-53

   3. Genetics and Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation Genes

      1. The Identification, Location and Manipulation of Genes in <u>Rhizobium</u>

         • John E. Beringer

         Pages 55-63

      2. The Role of <u>Rhizobium</u> Plasmids in Host Specificity

         • N. J. Brewin, J. L. Beynon, A. W. B. Johnston

         Pages 65-77

      3. “Redox Control” of Nitrogen Fixation: An Overview

         • K. T. Shanmugam, S. T. Lim, Sherman S. M. Hom, D. B. Scott, H. Hennecke

         Pages 79-93

      4. A Mutant of <u>Rhizobium Japonicum</u> 110 with Elevated <u>Nif</u> Activity in Free-Living Culture

         • Sui-Sheng T. Hua, D. Barry Scott, Soo T. Lim

         Pages 95-105

   4. Hydrogen Uptake and Energetics

      1. Detrimental and Beneficial Effects of Oxygen Exerted on Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacteria

         • H. G. Schlegel, M. E. K. Ibrahim, E. Wilde, K. Schneider, M. Schlesier, B. Friedrich et al.

         Pages 107-129

      2. Hydrogen Uptake (HUP) Plasmids: Characterization of Mutants and Regulation of the Expression of Hydrogenase

         • R. C. Tait, K. Andersen, G. Cangelosi, S. T. Lim

         Pages 131-136

      3. Detection of Plasmids in <u>Rhizobium Japonicum</u>

         • D. B. Scott, R. C. Tait

         Pages 137-140

      4. Chemolithotrophy in <u>Rhizobium</u>

         • H. J. Evans, J. E. Lepo, F. J. Hanus, K. Purohit, S. A. Russell

         Pages 141-158

      5. Hydrogen Uptake (Hydrogenase) Activity of <u>Rhizobium Japonicum</u> Strains Forming Nodules in Soybean Production Areas of the U.S.A.

         • S. T. Lim, S. L. Uratsu, D. F. Weber, H. H. Keyser

         Pages 159-171

   5. Genetic Regulation of Stress Tolerance

      1. Proline Over-Production Enhances Nitrogenase Activity Under Osmotic Stress in <u>Klebsiella Pneumoniae</u>

         • Daniel Le Rudulier, Su Sheng Yang, László N. Csonka

         Pages 173-179

      2. Selection of Naturally Occurring Stress Tolerant <u>Rhizobium</u>

         • D. N. Munns, K. G. Cassman, H. H. Keyser

         Pages 181-191

The present volume developed from a symposium entitled "Enhancing Biological Production of Ammonia From Atmospheric Nitrogen and Soil Nitrate" that was held at Lake Tahoe, California in June, 1980. The meeting was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and by the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis. A total of 99 scientists from 41 insti­ tutions participated. Plants capture solar energy in photosynthesis and use mineral nutrients to produce human food and fiber products. The extent to which such materials are removed from agricultural production sites represents a permanent drain of mineral nutrients. Some plants of agronomic importance such as alfalfa, soybean, and clover associate with soil bacteria and use photosynthetic energy to reduce N2 to NH3. Many other free-living bacteria and some symbioses involving procaryotes and eucaryotes also reduce N2. Such processes repre­ sent one natural mechanism by which Man can augment soil N for agronomic purposes without using fossil fuel to synthesize and distribute N fertilizer. Other metabolic conversions in the N cycle and physical leaching processes remove N made available through N2 fixation. Thus nitrification, denitrification, and utilization of soil N by plants are processes that must be con­ sidered if one is to conserve N captured by N2 fixation. The meeting at Lake Tahoe united scientists from many disci­ plines to review the literature and to discuss current research directed toward the goal stated in the symposium title.

• bacteria
• food
• genetic engineering
• photosynthesis

• University of California, Davis, USA

  J. M. Lyons, R. C. Valentine, D. A. Phillips, D. W. Rains, R. C. Huffaker

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