Advances in Linear Free Energy Relationships

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiv

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2. The Hammett Equation—the Present Position

   • Otto Exner

   Pages 1-69

3. The Separation of Polar, Steric, and Resonance Effects by the Use of Linear Free Energy Relationships

   • John Shorter

   Pages 71-117

4. Linear Free Energy Relationships and Optical Spectroscopy

   • A. R. Katritzky, R. D. Topsom

   Pages 119-141

5. Linear Correlations of Substituent Effects in 1H, 19F, and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

   • M. Thomas Tribble, James G. Traynham

   Pages 143-201

6. The Influence of the Solvent on Organic Reactivity

   • I. A. Koppel, V. A. Palm

   Pages 203-280

7. The Influence of the Reagent on Organic Reactivity

   • R. G. Pearson

   Pages 281-319

8. Linear Free Energy Relationships in Inorganic Chemistry

   • J. R. Chipperfield

   Pages 321-368

9. Linear Free Energy Relationships in Enzymology

   • Jack F. Kirsch

   Pages 369-400

10. The Interpretation of Drug Action through Linear Free Energy Relationships

    • Arthur Cammarata, Kenneth S. Rogers

    Pages 401-444

11. Interpretation of Mass Spectrometry Data through Linear Free Energy Relationships

    • Maurice M. Bursey

    Pages 445-461

12. Back Matter

    Pages 463-486

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Louis P. Hammett Mitchill Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, Columbia University My interest in linear free energy relationships began when, just out of graduate school, I read in 1924 the article by Bmnsted and Pedersen which for the first time reported the existence of such a relationship. That interest continues to be an active one and, to judge merely by the extensive biblio­ graphies contained in the present volume, it is widely shared. To my mind a particularly happy aspect of the existence of linear free energy relationships has been the proof it supplies that one need not suppose that the behavior of nature is hopelessly complicated merely because one cannot find a theoretical reason for supposing it to be otherwise. The effect of a substituent in an organic molecule on rate or equilibrium of reaction involves a fourfold difference between relatively large quantities, a situation which always makes for difficult theory. Yet systematic organic chemistry could hardly have existed were it not true that like changes in structure lead to like changes in reactivity. Linear free energy relationships constitute the quantitative specialisation of this fundamental principle, and they stand indeed more in the office of teacher to theory than in that of learner from it.

• behavior
• chemistry
• energy
• lead
• mass spectrometry
• molecule
• nuclear magnetic resonance
• organic chemistry
• separation
• spectroscopy
• structure

• Department of Chemistry, The University, Hull, England

  N. B. Chapman, J. Shorter

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