Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-cv

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2. A

   1. A Salience Theory of Learning

      • Duane M. Rumbaugh, James E. King, Michael J. Beran, David A. Washburn, Kristy Gould

      Pages 1-4

   2. A Stability Bias in Human Memory

      • Nate Kornell

      Pages 4-7

   3. A Tripartite Learning Conceptualization of Psychotherapy

      • Douglas J. Scaturo

      Pages 7-10

   4. AAVL

      Pages 10-10

   5. Abduction

      Pages 10-10

   6. Abductive Learning

      • Brian D. Haig

      Pages 10-12

   7. Abductive Reasoning

      • Roger W. Schvaneveldt

      Pages 12-15

   8. Abilities and Learning: Physical Abilities

      • Benjamin K. Barton, Thomas A. Ulrich

      Pages 15-17

   9. Abilities to Learn: Cognitive Abilities

      • Peter Robinson

      Pages 17-20

   10. Ability Determinants of Complex Skill Acquisition

       • Matthew J. Schuelke, Eric Anthony Day

       Pages 20-23

   11. Ability Grouping

       Pages 23-23

   12. Ability-Based

       Pages 23-23

   13. Abnormal Aggression

       Pages 23-23

   14. Abnormal Avoidance Learning

       • Henry W. Chase

       Pages 23-25

   15. Absence of a Consequence

       Pages 25-25

   16. Absolute Accuracy

       Pages 25-25

   17. Absolute Judgment

       Pages 25-25

   18. Absorption

       Pages 25-25

   19. Absorptive Capacity and Organizational Learning

       • Elias G. Carayannis

       Pages 25-27

Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20^th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20^th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories.

Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely.  

The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia  provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.

• Animal Learning
• Behaviorist learning theories
• Cognitive learning theories
• Communication technology
• Connectionist learning theories
• Constructivist learning theories
• Educational psychology
• History of learning sciences
• Human learning
• Learning Sciences
• Machine learning
• Social learning theories
• learning and instruction

From the reviews:

“The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning is the first major reference work in the growing and highly visible field of learning sciences. … it is an essential source for anyone engaged in the study of learning theories, concepts, and processes. … Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning is recommended for academic libraries with advanced undergraduates, graduate students, practitioners, and faculty actively involved in disciplines relevant to the learning sciences.” (Anne Jumonville, Reference Reviews, Vol. 26 (8), 2012)

• Faculty of Economics and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Education, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

  Norbert M. Seel

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