Focusing Telescopes in Nuclear Astrophysics

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-2

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2. Scientific Requirements and Prospects

   1. Prospects in space-based gamma-ray astronomy

      • J. Knödlseder

      Pages 3-13

   2. Annihilation of positrons in the Galaxy

      • S. Sazonov, E. Churazov, R. Sunyaev, M. Revnivtsev

      Pages 15-22

   3. Prospects and requirements for measurements of extragalactic γ-ray lines

      • Richard E. Griffiths

      Pages 23-30

   4. Non-thermal cosmic backgrounds and prospects for future high-energy observations of blazars

      • P. Giommi, S. Colafrancesco

      Pages 31-40

   5. Rolling down from the 30 keV peak: Modelling the hard X-ray and γ-ray backgrounds

      • Andrea Comastri, Roberto Gilli, Günther Hasinger

      Pages 41-47

   6. Focusing supernova gamma rays

      • M. D. Leising

      Pages 49-55

   7. Nucleosynthesis in nova explosions: Prospects for its observation with focusing telescopes

      • M. Hernanz, J. José

      Pages 57-64

   8. Puzzles and potential for gamma-ray line observations of solar flare ion acceleration

      • David M. Smith

      Pages 65-73

3. Gamma-ray Optics

   1. The INTEGRAL — HESS/MAGIC connection: A new class of cosmic high energy accelerators from keV to TeV

      • P. Ubertini

      Pages 75-83

   2. Replicated nickel optics for the hard-x-ray region

      • Brian D. Ramsey

      Pages 85-92

   3. Small d-spacing WC/SiC multilayers for future hard X-ray telescope designs

      • Carsten P. Jensen, Kristin K. Madsen, Finn E. Christensen

      Pages 93-103

   4. Design aspects of grazing angle multilayer mirrors for soft γ-rays

      • Ernst-Jan Buis, Marco Beijersbergen, Giuseppe Vacanti, Marcos Bavdaz, David Lumb

      Pages 105-113

   5. Progress toward light weight high angular resolution multilayer coated optics

      • M. P. Ulmer, M. E. Graham, S. Vaynman, J. Echt, M. Farber, S. Ehlert et al.

      Pages 115-120

   6. InFOCμS hard X-ray imaging telescope

      • J. Tueller, H. A. Krimm, T. Okajima, S. D. Barthelmy, S. M. Owens, P. J. Serlemitsos et al.

      Pages 121-129

   7. Development of the HEFT and NuSTAR focusing telescopes

      • Fiona A. Harrison, Finn E. Christensen, William Craig, Charles Hailey, Wayne Baumgartner, C. M. H. Chen et al.

      Pages 131-137

   8. The SIMBOL-X hard X-ray mission

      • Giovanni Pareschi, Philippe Ferrando

      Pages 139-149

   9. Laue diffraction lenses for astrophysics: Theoretical concepts

      • Hubert Halloin, Pierre Bastie

      Pages 151-170

   10. Laue diffraction lenses for astrophysics: From theory to experiments

       • Hubert Halloin

       Pages 171-184

   11. Mosaic and gradient SiGe single crystals for gamma ray Laue lenses

       • N. V. Abrosimov

       Pages 185-194

HESS (High Energy Stereoscopic System), a ground-based Cerenkov array telescopes has been operated since a few years and in 2004 has performed the ?rst Galactic plane scan with a sensitivity of a few percent of the Crab at energies above 100 GeV, resulting in the discoveryofeightsources,mostofwhichwithoutanycounterpartatdifferentenergies[1,2]. ParticularattentionwasdevotedtoHESSJ1813-178,notidenti?edwithanyknownX/gamma ray emitter and hypothesised to be a dark particle accelerator. Independently, and at the same time, INTEGRAL discovered a new soft gamma-ray source, namely IGR J18135-1751, identi?edasthecounterpartofHESSJ1813-178.Thishighenergyemitter,whosenaturewas still mysterious at the time of the discovery was then associated with the supernova remnant (SNR) G12.82 0.02 [6, 10, 18]. Even if a chance coincidence cannot be completely ruled out in view of the 2 arcmin INTEGRAL error box and the possible angular extension in the high energy,theoverallcharacteristicsofthisstarformingregion[7]comprisingSNRG12.82 0.02 areconsistentwithsupernova/plerionorigin.Morerecently,theMAGIC(MajorAtmospheric Gamma Imaging Cerenkov telescope) collaboration has reported a positive observations of HESSJ1813–178,resultinginagamma-ray?uxconsistentwiththepreviousHESSdetection and showing a hard power law with? = 2.1 in the range from 0.4–10TeV [3].

• Experimental Astrophysics
• Flight systems for focusing telescopes
• Focal plane instrumentation
• Gamma-ray Optics
• Nuclear Instruments
• Nuclear medicine
• Treaty verification
• Universe
• astrophysics

Peter von Ballmoos est né en 1956 à Zürich. Après des études de physique à l'Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zürich, un doctorat à l'Université Technique de Munich, et des post-docs outre Atlantique, il a été élu professeur d'astrophysique à l'Université de Toulouse en 1991.
Au sein du Centre d'Etudes Spatiales des Rayonnements de Toulouse, il mène des recherches en astrophysique nucléaire - en particulier l'instrumentation, l'observation et l'interprétation des raies gamma nucléaires. L’observation des raies gamma nucléaires est une des clés aux questions fondamentales sur la structure et l'évolution de l'Univers, et particulièrement sur les cycles de vie de la matière et du comportement de la matière dans des conditions extrêmes. Peter von Ballmoos est co-responsable du projet Spectromètre INTEGRAL de l'ESA et responsable des projets "lentille gamma" du CNES (CLAIRE, MAX).

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