Molecular and Structural Archaeology: Cosmetic and Therapeutic Chemicals

1. Front Matter

   Pages N3-xi

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2. Inventing A Science of Make-Up

   • PH. Walter

   Pages 1-9

3. Etruscan Gold Dental Appliances

   • Marshall Joseph Becker

   Pages 11-27

4. Preparation and Use of Perfumes and Perfumed Substances in Ancient Egypt

   • Mohamed EL-SHIMY

   Pages 29-50

5. Analysis Of Different Materials Used In Ancient Egypt

   • N. Iskander

   Pages 51-52

6. Pigments in Artwork, Cosmetics and Archæology: The Role of Raman Microscopy in their Identification

   • Robin J. H. Clark

   Pages 53-59

7. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Pigment Analysis: King’s Yellow and Dragon’s Blood From the Winsor and Newton Pigment Box at the Victoria and Albert Museum

   • Lucia Burgio, Robin J. H. Clark, Graham Martin, Emmanuel Pantos, Mark A. Roberts

   Pages 61-72

8. Multispectral Spectroscopy Through Tuneable Multispectral Reflectoscopy Between 200 Nm and 3500 Nm

   • Chr. Salpistis, G. Karagiannis, Y. Chryssoulakis

   Pages 73-83

9. Spectroscopic Techniques for The Investigation of Sicilian Cultural Heritage: Two Different Applications

   • S. Galli, G. Barone, V. Crupi, D. Majolino, P. Migliardo, R. Ponterio

   Pages 85-106

10. A Non-Destructive Analysis by Neutron Diffraction Inside Make-Up Containers of Ancient Egypt

    • P. Martinetto, M. Anne, E. Dooryhée, O. Isnard, P. Walter

    Pages 107-111

11. Unveiling the Structure of Ancient Lead Pigments Example of “Lead White”

    • P. Martinetto, M. Anne, E. Dooryhée, P. Walter, G. Tsoucaris

    Pages 113-118

12. Mossbauer Spectra of Two Ancient Ceramic Products from Moldova

    • C. Turta, Svetlana A. Bobcova, V. Mereacre

    Pages 119-122

13. Chemical Reactivity of Molecular Systems in Media Organized at the Molecular Level

    • Christian Amatore

    Pages 123-130

14. Is Supramolecular Organisation a Key Factor for Long Term Preservation ?

    • G. Tsoucaris, L. Bertrand, Ph. Walter

    Pages 131-152

15. Asru, An Ancient Egyptian Temple Chantress: Modern Spectrometric Studies As Part of the Manchester Egyptian Mummy Research Project

    • A. R. David, V. Garner

    Pages 153-162

16. Metal Threads in Historical Textiles

    • M. JáRó

    Pages 163-178

17. New Synchrotron Radiaton-Based Imaging Techniques and Archaeology

    • J. Doucet

    Pages 179-192

18. The Use of Focussed X-Ray Beams for Non-Destructive Characterization of Historical Materials

    • K. H. Janssens, K. Proost, I. de Raedt, E. Bulska, B. Wagner, M. Schreiner

    Pages 193-200

19. Advances in Art and Archaeology Using X-Ray Synchrotron Radiation

    • E. Dooryhée

    Pages 201-209

20. Microstructure Determined By X-Ray Diffraction Peak Profile Analysis: a Fingerprint in Archaeology

    • T. Ungár, P. Martinetto, G. Ribárik, E. Dooryhée, Ph. Walter, M. Anne

    Pages 211-220

Recent progress in the analysis and structural characterisation of materials has an increasing impact on studies of archaeological specimens. A need to embody such research into a new interdisciplinary field has appeared. In this ARW we intended to bring together archaeologists and historians with physicists, chemists, crystallographers and pharmacists, around the theme of structural information on complex archaeological materials. Within this vast area, the ARW has mainly focused on cosmetic-therapeutic chemicals. The objectives of this NATO ARW were twofold: - Delineating the contour of molecular and structural archaeology as an emerging interdisciplinary field based on structural analysis at the molecular level. - Examining novel methodologies to reconstruct the scenario of synthesis and transformation in the long term of compounds used in antiquity for health and beauty. The strong interdisciplinarity of this meeting has been greatly favoured by the NATO ARW organisation allowing the mixing of different fields and disciplines with convergent general goals. This Workshop has shown that the molecular and structural sensibility is a powerful tool towards the setting, and often the solution, of difficult archaeological and historical problems. Ten different nationalities (Europe, Egypt, USA) were represented in the ARW, and this mixing has contributed to the large range of subjects and archaeological contexts. Thus, a mutual interaction between Archaeology and Physical Sciences is expected. The most obvious part is associated with extended use of any possible technique and method to get as much information about the archaeological samples as possible.

• Chemical synthesis
• Neutron
• Tod
• chirality
• non-destructive analysis
• spectroscopic technique
• spectroscopy
• structural analysis
• structural archaeology
• supramolecular chemistry
• therapeutic chemicals
• transformation of materials

• Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France, C.N.R.S., Paris, France

  Georges Tsoucaris

• Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland

  Janusz Lipkowski

Policies and ethics