Bone Loss and Osteoporosis

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxiv

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2. Current Concepts of Bone Loss and Osteoporosis

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. New Concepts of Bone Remodeling: A Unified Spatial and Temporal Model with Physiologic and Pathophysiologic Implications

      • A. Michael Parfitt

      Pages 3-17

   3. On Changing Views about Age-Related Bone Loss

      • Harold M. Frost

      Pages 19-31

   4. The Role of Bone Quality on Bone Loss and Bone Fragility

      • Marc D. Grynpas

      Pages 33-44

3. Population Approaches

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 45-45

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   2. Ethnic Differences in Bone Mass and Bone Architecture

      • Dorothy A. Nelson, Marie L. Villa

      Pages 47-62

   3. Bone Loss, Fracture Histories, and Body Composition Characteristics of Older Males

      • William A. Stini

      Pages 63-89

   4. The Histomorphometry of the Subadult Rib: Age-Associated Changes in Bone Mass and the Creation of Peak Bone Mass

      • Margaret Streeter, Sam D. Stout

      Pages 91-101

4. Evolutionary Perspectives

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 103-103

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   2. An Evolutionary and Biocultural Approach to Understanding the Effects of Reproductive Factors on the Female Skeleton

      • Sabrina C. Agarwal, Patricia Stuart-Macadam

      Pages 105-119

   3. Functional Adaptation and Fragility of the Skeleton

      • R. Bruce Martin

      Pages 121-138

   4. Effects of Vitamin D on Bone and Natural Selection of Skin Color: How Much Vitamin D Nutrition are We Talking About?

      • Reinhold Vieth

      Pages 139-154

5. Bone Loss and Osteoporosis in Past Populations

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 155-155

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   2. Techniques for the Investigation of Age-Related Bone Loss and Osteoporosis in Archaeological Bone

      • Megan B. Brickley, Sabrina C. Agarwal

      Pages 157-172

   3. Differential Diagnoses of Intravitam and Postmortem Bone Loss at the Micro-Level

      • Michael Schultz

      Pages 173-187

   4. Histomorphology, Geometry, and Mechanical Loading in Past Populations

      • Alexander G. Robling, Sam D. Stout

      Pages 189-205

   5. Bone Remodeling and Age-Associated Bone Loss in the Past: a Histomorphometric Analysis of the Imperial Roman Skeletal Population of Isola Sacra

      • Helen Cho, Sam D. Stout

      Pages 207-228

6. Back Matter

   Pages 229-240

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With the growing incidence of fragility fractures in Europe and North America over the last three decades, bone loss and osteoporosis have become active areas of research in skeletal biology. Bone loss is associated with aging in both sexes and is accelerated in women with the onset of menopause. However, bone loss is related to a suite of complex and often synergistically related factors including genetics, pathology, nutrition, mechani­ cal usage, and lifestyle. It is not surprising that its incidence and severity vary among populations. There has been increasing interest to investigate bone loss and osteoporosis from an anthropological perspective that utilizes a biocultural approach. Biocultural approaches recognize the inter-relationship between biological, cultural, and environmental variables. Anthropological studies also highlight the value of evolutionary and population approaches to the study of bone loss. These approaches are particularly suited to elucidate the multifactorial etiology of bone loss. The idea for this volume came out of a symposium organized by the editors at the 70th annual meeting of The American Association of Physical Anthropologists in Kansas City, Missouri. Many of the symposium participants, along with several additional leading scientists involved in bone and osteoporosis research, are brought together in this volume. Each chapter focuses on a different aspect of bone loss and fragility with a fresh and stimulating perspective.

• Tumor
• archaeological bone
• bioarchaeology
• biology
• biomechanics
• diagnosis
• evolution

From the reviews:

"This book aims to provide a physical anthropological perspective on osteoporosis by bringing together contributions from researchers with medical and anthropological backgrounds. … it forms a user-friendly introduction to the bone biology involved and is a useful gateway to the vast medical literature on osteoporosis. It is also a valuable introduction to some of the methodology for studying osteoporosis in ancient remains … . there is much in this book that is fresh and challenging and it fills a gap in the palaeopathology literature." (Simon Mays, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Vol. 15 (3), 2005)

• Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Canada

  Sabrina C. Agarwal

• Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, USA

  Sam D. Stout

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