Preventing AIDS

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xix

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2. Changing HIV/AIDS Risk Behaviors

   • Ralph J. DiClemente, John L. Peterson

   Pages 1-4

3. The Health Belief Model and HIV Risk Behavior Change

   • Irwin M. Rosenstock, Victor J. Strecher, Marshall H. Becker

   Pages 5-24

4. Social Cognitive Theory and Exercise of Control over HIV Infection

   • Albert Bandura

   Pages 25-59

5. Using Information to Change Sexually Transmitted Disease-Related Behaviors

   • Martin Fishbein, Susan E. Middlestadt, Penelope J. Hitchcock

   Pages 61-78

6. Diffusion Theory and HIV Risk Behavior Change

   • James W. Dearing, Gary Meyer, Everett M. Rogers

   Pages 79-93

7. Social Models for Changing Health-Relevant Behavior

   • Samuel R. Friedman, Don C. Des Jarlais, Thomas P. Ward

   Pages 95-116

8. School-Based Interventions to Prevent Unprotected Sex and HIV among Adolescents

   • Douglas Kirby, Ralph J. DiClemente

   Pages 117-139

9. Interventions for Adolescents in Community Settings

   • John B. Jemmott III, Loretta Sweet Jemmott

   Pages 141-174

10. Preventing HIV among Runaways: Victims and Victimization

    • Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, Julie Feldman, Margaret Rosario, Edward Dunne

    Pages 175-188

11. Behavioral Interventions for In-Treatment Injection Drug Users

    • Laurie Roehrich, Tamara L. Wall, James L. Sorensen

    Pages 189-208

12. HIV/AIDS Prevention for Drug Users in Natural Settings

    • John K. Watters, Joseph Guydish

    Pages 209-225

13. Interventions for Sexual Partners of HIV-Infected or High-Risk Individuals

    • Nancy S. Padian, Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert, Thomas R. O’Brien

    Pages 227-242

14. Interventions for Sexually Active, Heterosexual Women in the United States

    • Janet S. Moore, Janet S. Harrison, Lynda S. Doll

    Pages 243-265

15. HIV Prevention for Gay and Bisexual Men in Metropolitan Cities

    • Robert B. Hays, John L. Peterson

    Pages 267-296

16. HIV Prevention among Gay and Bisexual Men in Small Cities

    • Jeffrey A. Kelly

    Pages 297-317

17. Lessons Learned from Behavioral Interventions

    • John L. Peterson, Ralph J. DiClemente

    Pages 319-322

18. Back Matter

    Pages 323-336

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Public health has a legacy of neglect regarding social and behavioral research. Too often, prompted by technical and scientific progress, we have ignored­ even marginalized-the vital "human element" in health thinking and prac­ tice. Thus, for example, while family planning programs focused on providing a choice among safe and effective contraceptive methods (a supremely worthy goal), the central issue of sexuality and sexual behavior was generally neglected. Similarly, the enormous and important efforts to develop rapid and reliable diagnostic and treatment methods for sexually transmitted diseases helped divert attention away from the crucial issues of sexual practice. In short, we seem to have difficulty addressing the fundamental behaviors-including sex, drug taking and other intoxications, and violence-that are central to the major causes of preventable morbidity, disability, and premature mortality in the world today. Our collective reluctance to examine and understand ourselves is also expressed in the oft-repeated pipedream that scientific progress will "take care of" the HIV / AIDS pandemic by delivering a preventive vaccine, an effective cure, or both. Yet even a cursory glance at the relationship between scientific/ technical progress and health shows that meeting the scientific challenges is only one step toward effective application of the vaccine or drug. It is typical, not atypical, that hepatitis B vaccine is only now becoming relatively freely available to large populations in the developing world, more than a decade after the vaccine's licensure.

• AIDS
• HIV prevention
• health
• intervention
• prevention
• sexual behaviour

• School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior and School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, and Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA

  Ralph J. DiClemente

• Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA

  John L. Peterson

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