Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvii

   PDF

2. Introduction

   1. Introduction

      • Bibhuti R. DasGupta

      Pages 1-4

3. An Overview

   1. Current Concepts on the Mechanism of Action of Clostridial Neurotoxins

      • Lance L. Simpson

      Pages 5-15

4. Neurotrophic Factors and Denervation

   1. Structure and Functions of NGF Receptors

      • Moses V. Chao, Julie Huber, Margaret Berg, Marta Benedetti, Curt Horvath, Barbara Hempstead

      Pages 17-24

   2. Therapeutic Potential of Neurotrophic Factors: The Role of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor in Promoting Neuronal Survival and Recovery Following Neuronal Injury

      • James L. McManaman, Deborah Russell, Frank Collins

      Pages 25-29

   3. Tetanus Toxin as a Tool for Investigating the Structural Bases of Neurotropism

      • Bernard Bizzini, Mohamed Khiri, Martine Carlotti

      Pages 31-43

   4. Paralysis by Botulinum Neurotoxins Uncovers Trophic Secretions at the Neuromuscular Junction

      • Stephen Thesleff

      Pages 45-52

   5. Motor Nerve Terminal Morphology Following Botulinum a Toxin Injection in Humans

      • Kathy Alderson

      Pages 53-62

   6. Botulinum Toxin Induced Muscle Denervation: A MRI Study

      • Dušan Šuput, Jernej Dolinšek, Robert Frangež, Franci Demšar

      Pages 63-67

5. Neurotransmitter Secretion; Poisoning Models

   1. Calcium-Independent Neurotransmitter Release

      • Eric A. Schwartz

      Pages 69-70

   2. Ca2+ Dependent Evoked Quantal Neurotransmitter Release does Not Necessarily Involve Exocytosis of Synaptic Vesicles

      • Ladislav Tauc, Bernard Poulain

      Pages 71-86

   3. Identification of Proteins Required for Ca2+-Triggered Secretion

      • Thomas F. J. Martin, Jane H. Walent, Bruce W. Porter, Jesse C. Hay

      Pages 87-93

   4. Intracellular Control of Exocytosis in Chromaffin Cells

      • Alan Morgan, Isabelle Cenci de Bello, Ulrich Weller, J. Oliver Dolly, Robert D. Burgoyne

      Pages 95-104

   5. PC12 Cells as a Model for Neuronal Secretion

      • Paul D. Wagner, Ngoc-Diep Vu, You Neng Wu

      Pages 105-115

   6. Transmitter Release in Aplysia: Applicability of Quantal Models and Evidence for Postsynaptic Control

      • Daniel Gardner

      Pages 117-128

   7. The Mammalian Neuromuscular Junction as a Target Tissue for Protein Toxins that Block Exocytosis

      • Lance L. Simpson

      Pages 129-141

   8. Action of Botulinum Toxin on Artificial Models for Acetylcholine Transport

      • C. Solsona, E. López-Alonso, J. Blasi, J. Canaves, J. Canals, M. Arribas et al.

      Pages 143-151

6. Endocytosis, Endosomal Processing

   1. Exo-Endocytotic Recycling of Synaptic Vesicles in Developing Neurons

      • Michela Matteoli, Pietro De Camilli

      Pages 153-163

   2. Endosome Processing: Structural, Functional and Kinetic Interrelations

      • Lutz Thilo

      Pages 165-177

   3. Identification of Proteins Involved in Endosome Fusion: Implications for Toxin Activity

      • James M. Lenhard, Maria I. Colombo, Michael Koval, Guangpu Li, Luis S. Mayorga, Philip D. Stahl

      Pages 179-190

Three days in Madison have thoroughly modified my view on clostridial neurotoxins. While still realizing the numerous activating, modifying and protective inputs, I cannot judge the meaningfulness of the meeting impartially. Neither may the reader expect a complete summary of all presentations. Collected in this volume, they speak for themselves without requiring an arbiter. Instead I shall write down my very personal opinions as a researcher who has studied clostridial neurotoxins for nearly 25 years. Comparable conferences have been rare during this time. A comprehensive symposium 4 on C. botulinum neurotoxins has been organized at Ft. Detrick. International conferences on tetanus have been held regularly under the auspices of the Wodd Health Organization. One or maximally two days of these meetings have been devoted to tetanus toxin and its actions whereas the sponsor and the majority of the participants have been interested mainly in epidemiology, prevention and treatment of tetanus as a disease (see refs. 5,6). Some aspects of clostridial neurotoxins have been addressed in the context of bacterial toxins, in particular in the biennial European workshops. 1-3,7,8 The Madison meeting differed from the previous ones in three aspects. First, it covered both tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins. The fusion was justified because of their huge similarities in primary structure, in their mode of action and in their cellular targets. Second, the meeting was not limited to toxins but drew some lines on which modern neurobiology might proceed.

• Antigen
• antibody
• bacteriology
• biology
• calcium
• clinical application
• epidemiology
• genetics
• lake
• neurobiology
• neurotransmitter
• receptor
• research
• toxin

• University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA

  Bibhuti R. DasGupta

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