Enkephalins and Endorphins

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-ix

   PDF

2. Enkephalins-Endorphins: Stress and the Immune System

   1. Introduction: Ying-Yang Hypothesis of Immunomodulation

      • N. P. Plotnikoff, A. J. Murgo, R. E. Faith, R. A. Good

      Pages 1-2

3. Stress and the Immune System

   1. Candidate Opioid Peptides for Interaction with the Immune System

      • Christopher J. Evans, Elizabeth Erdelyi, Jack D. Barchas

      Pages 3-15

   2. Control Mechanisms in the Enzyme Hydrolysis of Adrenal-Released Enkephalins

      • L. Giorgio Roda, Gianna Roscetti, Roberta Possenti, Francesca Venturelli, Fabrizio Vita

      Pages 17-33

   3. Studies of the Endogenous Opioid System in the Human Stress Response

      • Martin R. Cohen, David Pickar, Michel Dubois, Robert M. Cohen

      Pages 35-45

   4. Exercise Stress and Endogenous Opiates

      • Peter Farrell, Anthony Gustafson

      Pages 47-57

   5. Effects of Coping and Noncoping with Stressful Events on the Immune System

      • Wolfgang H. Vogel

      Pages 59-68

   6. Depression, Hormones and Immunity

      • Ziad Kronfol, Janet Schlechte

      Pages 69-80

   7. Endogenous Opioid Systems, Stress, and Cancer

      • Ian S. Zagon, Patricia J. Mclaughlin

      Pages 81-100

   8. Effects of Stress and Morphine on Natural Killer Cell Activity and on Mammary Tumor Development

      • James W. Lewis, Yehuda Shavit, Fredricka C. Martin, Gregory W. Terman, Robert P. Gale, John C. Liebeskind

      Pages 101-108

   9. Endocrine and Immunological Responses to Acute Stress

      • F. Berkenbosch, C. J. Heijnen, G. Croiset, C. Revers, R. E. Ballieux, R. Binnekade et al.

      Pages 109-118

4. Regulatory Circuits of the Immune, Endocrine and Nervous System

   1. A Complete Regulatory Loop between the Immune and Neuroendocrine Systems Operates Through Common Signal Molecules (Hormones) and Receptors

      • Eric M. Smith, J. Edwin Blalock

      Pages 119-127

   2. Endorphins: A Link Between Personality, Stress, Emotions, Immunity, and Disease ?

      • George S. Solomon, Neil Kay, John E. Morley

      Pages 129-144

   3. Involvement of Non-Opiate Peptides in Psychoneuroimmunological Modulations

      • V. Kluša, R. Muceniece, Š. Svirskis, E. Kukaine, M. Ratkeviča, G. Rosenthal et al.

      Pages 145-157

   4. Regulation of Human Cellular Immune Responses by Glucocorticosteroids

      • George C. Tsokos, James E. Balow

      Pages 159-171

   5. Estrogen-Mediated Immunomodulation

      • Oscar J. Pung, Anne N. Tucker, Michael I. Luster

      Pages 173-187

   6. Effects on the Immune System of Lesioning and Stimulation of the Nervous System: Neuroimmunomodulation

      • Branislav D. Jankovic, Novera Herbert Spector

      Pages 189-220

5. Effects of Enkephalins/Endorphins and Related Substances on Specific Immune Functions

   1. Enkephalins: Mediators of Stress-Induced Immunomodulation

      • Anthony J. Murgo, Robert E. Faith, Nicholas P. Plotnikoff

      Pages 221-239

   2. Relationship between Lymphokine and Opiatergic Modulation of Lymphocyte Proliferation

      • William L. Farrar

      Pages 241-251

   3. Enkephalins as Molecules of Lymphocyte Activation and Modifiers of the Biological Response

      • Joseph Wybran

      Pages 253-262

Is this a time for a sleeping giant to rise? We have known since study of the lymphocyte and plasma cells really began in earnest in the early 1940's that the pituitary adrenal axis under intimate control of the hypothalamus could influence immunological functions profoundly. We have also known for at least 20 years in my recollection that female sex hor­ mones can maximize certain immunity functions while male sex hormones tend to suppress many immunological reactions. The thyroid hormones accelerate antibody production while at the same time sp~eding up de­ gradation of antibodies and immunoglobulins and thyroidectomy decreases the rate of antibody production. Further, much evidence has accumulated indicating that the brain, yes even the mind, can influence in significant ways susceptibility to infections, cancers and to development of a variety of autoimmune diseases. More than 20 years ago, my colleagues and I convinced ourselves, if no one else, that hypnosis can exert major in­ fluences on the effector limb of the classical atopic allergic reactions. We showed with Aaron Papermaster that the Prausnitz-Kustner reaction may be greatly inhibited, indeed largely controlled, by post-hypnotic suggestion. And it was not even necessary for us to publish our discovery because scientists in John Humphrey's laboratory at Mill Hill Research Center in London had beaten us to the punch. They described hypnotic control of both the PK reaction and delayed allergic reactions to tuberculin by hypnosis.

• Depression
• Nervous System
• brain
• endogenous opioid peptides
• interaction
• neuropeptides
• receptor
• schizophrenia
• stress
• tumor

• Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, USA

  Nicholas P. Plotnikoff

• University of Houston, Houston, USA

  Robert E. Faith

• West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA

  Anthony J. Murgo

• University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, USA

  Robert A. Good

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