Groundwater Chemical Kinetics and Fractal Characteristics of Karst Tunnel

The key to the solution of geological hazards such as Karst water inrush and mud burst in tunnel lies in the accurate prediction or detection of Karst and groundwater. By means of on-site monitoring, theoretical analysis and indoor simulation experiments, the authors conduct in-depth research on the characteristics of water-bearing media and their mechanism of action, and explored the relevance of "Karst morphology", "Karst groundwater" and "fractal characteristics". An evaluation model of Karst development degree based on hydrochemical kinetic parameters and fractal index of Karst morphology is established. Based on the combination of Karst groundwater dynamics, hydrochemistry, water-rock interaction theory and fractal theory, the hydrochemical Kinetics and fractal index evaluation technique for Karst development is proposed. It provides a new theory and method for improving the accuracy of Karst and groundwater forecasting. The research results are of practical and guiding significance to the construction, Karst geological disasters prevention and management of various underground projects in Karst areas. Engineers and technicians, hydrogeological engineering geologists, and college students engaged in tunnel and underground engineering will find it valuable.

Cangsong Li, male, born in 1971, Ph.D., professor-level senior engineer, is the deputy chief engineer of China Railway Southwest Research Institute Co., Ltd. He is one of the winners of Mao Yisheng Railway Engineer Award, the young top talent in science and technology of China Railway Group Limited, the young and middle-aged expert with outstanding contributions to China Railway Group Limited, and one of the 11th batch of Reserve Candidates for Sichuan Provincial Academic and Technical Leaders. In July 1997, he graduated from the former Changchun College of Geology with a master's degree in Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, and in January 2007, he obtained a doctorate degree in Bridge and Tunnel Engineering from Southwest Jiaotong University. Li has been engaged in the research of tunnel engineering geology, hydrogeology and geophysical prospecting technology for a long time, and has high attainments in the research of geological advance prediction, karst and groundwater action mechanism in the process of tunnel construction. He participated in 10 key scientific research projects above the provincial and ministerial level, research on some of which were led by him. He also completed one joint research fund project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and one national 863 project as the main participant, and presided over many horizontal scientific research projects and geological advance forecast production projects for tunnel construction. His researches have been awarded 1 special award for science and technology, 1 first prize, 2 second prize by China Railway Corporation, 1 second prize of science and technology award by China Railway Society, 1 Science & Technology Progress Award by Guizhou Highway & Transportation Society, and successfully applied for a national invention patent (a geological prediction method for TBM construction). He is currently a member of the Railway Branch of the China Physical Science, a member of the Special Committee of Engineering Geophysics of the Chinese Geophysical Society, a member of the Chinese National Group of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment (IAEG), a member of the Sichuan Branch of the Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics & Engineering, a member of the Sichuan Railway Society, and a member of the Sichuan Acoustic Society. He has published more than 80 academic papers (of which more than 30 were published as first authors and 2 pieces of papers have been collected by EI). As the first author, he published a monograph entitled Advanced Prediction Techniques of Karst and Groundwater; he also participated in the compilation of 4 monographs such as Tunnel Engineering Geology and Acoustic Detection Technology, Advanced Geological Prediction in Tunneling, Rock Mass Classification for Tunnel Engineering and Prediction of Water Gushing Ahead of Tunnel Construction Face by Rock Mass Temperature Method.

Jianfang Ding, born in 1979, a native of Shangqiu, Henan Province,  is currently a senior engineer and director of the Institute of Engineering Geology at China Railway Southwest Research Institute Co., Ltd. He graduated from Southwest Jiaotong University in 2002 with a major in civil engineering. In the same year, he joined the Institute of Engineering Geology of the China Railway Southwest Research Institute. He has been engaged in engineering geology, advanced geological prediction of tunnels and engineering geophysical exploration for a long time. In recent years, he has presided over or mainly participated in the completion of 8 national, provincial and ministerial key scientific research projects, and achieved many breakthroughs in technologies such as TBM construction tunnel advanced geological prediction, rock mass temperature method water inrush prediction and large span cross-hole acoustic wave detection. He has won 3 first-class awards for science and technology from China Railway Engineering Corporation, 2 third-class awards for scientific and technological progress of Chengdu City, 5 second-class awards and 1 third-class award for science and technology from China Railway Society, China Highway & Transportation Society and China Association of Construction Enterprise Management. He has published more than 10 papers in publications such as "Modern Tunneling Technology", "Technical Acoustics", "Journal of Engineering Geology", " Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics”, and  participated in the compilation of monographs such as "Prediction of Water Gushing Ahead of Tunnel Construction Face by Rock Mass Temperature Method" and "Tunnel Engineering Geology".

Yankai  Liao, male, born in 1980, master, is a senior engineer of the Institute of Engineering Geology, China Railway Southwest Research Institute Co., Ltd. He graduated with the major in Engineering Geology from Jilin University in July 2005, and received a master's degree in Earth Exploration and Information Technology from Southwest Jiaotong University in July 2011. He is mainly engaged in tunnel advanced geological prediction, tunnel risk assessment and consulting projects and surrounding rock monitoring and measurement work, and has a more in-depth study in the aspects of tunnel advanced geological prediction, monitoring and new geophysical applications, tunnel construction geological and tunnel construction safety control technology. He has won 6 scientific and technological awards above the provincial and ministerial levels, and published 15 academic papers, of which 6 were published as the first author. He presided over or completed 6 key scientific research projects above the provincial and ministerial level as the main participant, completed 1 joint research fund project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and 1 national 863 project as the main participant, and presided over many horizontal scientific research projects and geological advance forecast production projects for tunnel construction. His researches have been awarded 1 first prized and 2 second prizes for science and technology by China Railway Corporation, 1 special prize by Guizhou Highway & Transportation Society, and 1 science and technology innovation achievement award by China Association for Quality. Besides, he has successfully applied 1 National Utility Model Patent (a test device for quick determination of surrounding rock classification of tunnel).

Song Lu, born in 1985, is a senior engineer from Wuning County, Jiangxi Province. In July 2010, he graduated from China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) with a master's degree in Geophysical Engineering. In the same year, he took a research post in the Institute of Engineering Geology of the China Railway Southwest Research Institute. He has been engaged in engineering geology, advanced geological prediction of tunnels and engineering geophysical exploration for a long time. He presided over or completed 6 key scientific research projects above the provincial and ministerial level as the main participant, and 3 projects of Secondary subsidiary of China Railway Group Limited. Multiple technical breakthroughs have been achieved in tunnel advanced geological prediction, tunnel groundwater detection, acoustic wave CT detection and other aspects. His researches have been awarded 4 first prizes and 2 second prizes of science and technology awards by China Railway Corporation, 2 second prizes of science and technology awards by China Railway Society, 1 second prize of science and technology awards by China Highway & Transportation Society, and 1 third prize of science and technology progress awards by Chengdu Municipal Government. He successfully applied for 2 national invention patents, 9 patents of utility model, 1 design patent, 4 software copyrights and published more than 30 academic papers.