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  • © 2018

Methods and Biostatistics in Oncology

Understanding Clinical Research as an Applied Tool

  • A tailor-made book on clinical research and biostatistics in oncology
  • Focuses on practical and applicable knowledge and usefulness in daily practice, allowing readers to properly appraise literature
  • All chapters and examples are contextualized to oncology
  • Intended for surgical and clinical oncologists, researchers, students and professors in the field

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Table of contents (20 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-xii
  2. Brief History of the Scientific Method and Its Application in Oncology

    • Vinicius de Lima Vazquez, Raphael L. C. Araújo
    Pages 1-8
  3. Generating a Hypothesis for an Oncology Study

    • Beatriz Teixeira Costa, Isadora Santos Ferreira, Felipe Fregni
    Pages 9-22
  4. Types of Variables and Distributions

    • Gregory R. Pond, Samantha-Jo Caetano
    Pages 23-35
  5. Testing Measures of Associations

    • Bruno S. Paolino, Raphael L. C. Araújo, David Bristol
    Pages 37-49
  6. Sample Size Calculation in Oncology Studies

    • Rachel P. Riechelmann, Raphael L. C. Araújo, Benjamin Haaland
    Pages 51-69
  7. Interpretation of Results from Tables, Graphs, and Regressions in Cancer Research

    • Raphael L. C. Araújo, Rachel P. Riechelmann
    Pages 71-92
  8. Survival Analysis

    • Benjamin Haaland, Mina Georgieva
    Pages 93-124
  9. The Role of Cross-Sectional and Cohort Studies in Oncology

    • André Lopes Carvalho, Fabiana de Lima Vazquez, Cleyton Zanardo de Oliveira
    Pages 125-146
  10. Design of Retrospective and Case-Control Studies in Oncology

    • Katherine S. Panageas, Debra A. Goldman, T. Peter Kingham
    Pages 147-164
  11. How to Design Phase I Trials in Oncology

    • Louise Carter, Ciara O’Brien, Emma Dean, Natalie Cook
    Pages 165-187
  12. The Many Different Designs of Phase II Trials in Oncology

    • Rachel P. Riechelmann, Raphael L. C. Araújo, Axel Hinke
    Pages 189-202
  13. Phase IV Trials: Interventional and Non-interventional Studies

    • Deise Uema, Cheng Tzu Yen, Axel Hinke, Gilberto de Castro Jr.
    Pages 217-225
  14. Identifying Bias in Clinical Cancer Research

    • Francisco Emilio Vera-Badillo, Rachel P. Riechelmann
    Pages 227-240
  15. Ethics in Clinical Cancer Research

    • Rodrigo Santa C. Guindalini, Rachel P. Riechelmann, Roberto Jun Arai
    Pages 241-256
  16. Cost-Effectiveness Studies in Oncology

    • Pedro Aguiar Jr., Carmelia Maria Noia Barreto, Brittany L. Bychkovsky, Gilberto de Lima Lopes Jr.
    Pages 257-266
  17. How to Undertake Outcomes Research in Oncology

    • Monika K. Krzyzanowska, Melanie Powis
    Pages 267-286
  18. Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Oncology Studies

    • Allan A. Lima Pereira, Andre Deeke Sasse
    Pages 287-305
  19. Meta-Research in Oncology

    • Everardo D. Saad, Rachel P. Riechelmann
    Pages 307-314

About this book

This book introduces and discusses the most important aspects of clinical research methods and biostatistics for oncologists, pursuing a tailor-made and practical approach.
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been in vogue in the last few decades, particularly in rapidly advancing fields such as oncology. This approach has been used to support decision-making processes worldwide, sparking new clinical research and guidelines on clinical and surgical oncology. Clinical oncology research has many peculiarities, including specific study endpoints, a special focus on survival analyses, and a unique perspective on EBM. However, during medical studies and in general practice, these topics are barely taught. Moreover, even when EBM and clinical cancer research are discussed, they are presented in a theoretical fashion, mostly focused on formulas and numbers, rather than on clinical application for a proper literature appraisal.
Addressing that gap, this book discusses more practical aspects of clinical research and biostatistics in oncology, instead of relying only on mathematical formulas and theoretical considerations. Methods and Biostatistics in Oncology will help readers develop the skills they need to understand the use of research on everyday oncology clinical practice for study design and interpretation, as well to demystify the use of EBM in oncology.

Editors and Affiliations

  • Hospital do Câncer de Barretos, Barretos, Brazil

    Raphael. L.C Araújo

  • AC Camargo Cancer Center, Dir - Brazil Gastrointestinal Tumor Grup, São Paulo, Brazil

    Rachel P. Riechelmann

About the editors

Raphael L. C. Araujo is a Surgical Oncologist specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant and benign injuries of the liver, pancreas and colorectal liver metastases. He spent two years (2010 / 2012) as a Research Fellow at the Hepatopancreatobiliary Service of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York (USA). During this time, he worked on clinical research of surgical and systemic treatment of pancreatic cancer and colorectal liver metastases. Afterwards, he also spent one year as a resident of the Hepatopancreatobiliary Service at the Hospital Paul Brousse, France (2012/2013). Dr. Araujo received a PhD and concluded his postdoctoral research in Gastroenterology from the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, the same institution where he worked for 2 years as an attending physician in the Liver Surgery Unit. He is currently head of the Department of Upper Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Professor of thePost Graduation Program of Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil, and Scientific Director of Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology.



Rachel P. Riechelmann is a medical oncologist and researcher in the field of gastrointestinal cancers. She completed her formal training and PhD at the Federal University of Sao Paulo, followed by a clinical research fellowship at Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada. She is currently the Director of the Department of Oncology at AC Camargo Cancer Center,  which is one of the largest academic cancer centers in Brazil and Latin America, and Research Director of the Brazilian Gastrointestinal Tumors Group. Research- wise, her areas of interest and expertise are GI malignancies and Neuroendocrine Tumors as well as Methodology of Clinical Research. She has 78 publications in peer-reviewed journals and several PhD students and oncology fellowsconducting projects under her supervision. 


Bibliographic Information

  • Book Title: Methods and Biostatistics in Oncology

  • Book Subtitle: Understanding Clinical Research as an Applied Tool

  • Editors: Raphael. L.C Araújo, Rachel P. Riechelmann

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71324-3

  • Publisher: Springer Cham

  • eBook Packages: Medicine, Medicine (R0)

  • Copyright Information: Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018

  • Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-319-71323-6Published: 26 April 2018

  • Softcover ISBN: 978-3-030-10042-1Published: 08 February 2019

  • eBook ISBN: 978-3-319-71324-3Published: 16 April 2018

  • Edition Number: 1

  • Number of Pages: XII, 348

  • Number of Illustrations: 21 b/w illustrations, 37 illustrations in colour

  • Topics: Oncology, Biostatistics, Cancer Research

Buy it now

Buying options

eBook USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Other ways to access