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  • © 2022

Combatting Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products

In Search of Optimal Enforcement

  • The first book to study enforcement against illicit tobacco in-depth and from a legal standpoint

  • Critically analyses illicit tobacco trade, focusing on policies, legal frameworks and practices in six EU countries

  • Identifies obstacles to effective and deterrent enforcement, and offers recommendations on how to overcome them

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Table of contents (11 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-viii
  2. Introduction

    • Stanisław Tosza, John A. E. Vervaele
    Pages 1-6
  3. Smoke and Mirrors: Empirical Research into the Illegal Trade in Tobacco Products in Europe

    • Brenda Oude Breuil, Dina Siegel, Daan van Uhm
    Pages 47-115
  4. Enforcement of Policies Against the Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products in Italy

    • Alessandro Bernardi, Valentina Felisatti, Anna Francesca Masiero
    Pages 289-351

About this book

This book focuses on the enforcement aspect of tobacco control policy, and argues that the intense regulation of the tobacco market will never be successful as long as it can be circumvented by the availability of illicit tobacco products. Yet, current efforts to combat illicit tobacco trade are insufficient, suffering from several flaws and gaps at the regulatory and operational levels. The aim of this book is to provide an analysis of the legal framework and practice of enforcement with regard to illicit tobacco products. 


Combining criminological and legal perspectives, it presents and critically analyses the phenomenon of illicit tobacco trade, as well as the policies, legal frameworks and practices in six EU countries with regard to combatting this phenomenon, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of their approaches. Furthermore, it studies the relationship between the EU and third countries (e.g. Ukraine) in terms of how the EU can influence policy and enforcement in these countries in order to counter illicit tobacco trafficking. Not exclusively focusing on the EU, the book also includes an analysis of enforcement against illicit tobacco products in the US. 


The EU Member States analysed in the book (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands and Poland) reflect the range of currently available approaches. Some of them have ratified the WHO Protocol against tobacco smuggling; others have not. They belong to different legal traditions and face different challenges due to their respective border situations. While Belgium and the Netherlands are key entry ports to the EU, Poland and Latvia represent the Eastern land border of the EU, with various regional challenges. Italy has a long maritime border, where trafficking is possible from Northern Africa and from the Middle East. It also has significant experience in fighting organised crime. Lastly, Germany is the largest market in Europe and situated in the middle of these trafficking routes. 


Editors and Affiliations

  • Faculty of Law, Economics and Finance, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

    Stanisław Tosza

  • Faculty of Law, Economics and Governance, RENFORCE, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    John A. E. Vervaele

About the editors

Stanisław Tosza is Associate Professor in Compliance and Law Enforcement at the University of Luxembourg. He is the Secretary General of the AIDP (International Association of Penal Law).

John A. E. Vervaele is Professor in economic and European criminal law, as well co-director of the Utrecht Centre for Regulation and Enforcement in Europe (RENFORCE), at Utrecht University. In Bruges he is Professor in European criminal law at the College of Europe. He is the President of the AIDP (International Association of Penal Law) since 2014.

Bibliographic Information

Buy it now

Buying options

eBook USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Other ways to access