Editors

Editor-in-Chief
R. Gunzburg, Antwerp, Belgium

Deputy Editors
P. Berjano, Milan, Italy (Spine Deformity)
S. Blumenthal, Plano, USA (Reviews)
K. Edwards, Nottingham, UK (Statistics)
M. Ismael, Rabat, Morocco (Grand Rounds, Technical Notes and Case Reports)
C. Lamartina, Milan, Italy (Clinical Science)
M. Szpalski, Brussels, Belgium (Supplements)
H.-J. Wilke, Ulm, Germany (Basic Science)
A. Zerbi, Milan, Italy (Imaging)

Editorial Office
European Spine Journal
Mrs. Irene Zintel
Pfrundstrasse 36
3176 Neuenegg, Switzerland
Tel.: +41-31-889-0050
Fax: +41-31-889-0058
email: izintel@datacomm.ch

Statistics Task Force
J. Agu, Nottingham, UK
T. Bestwick-Stevenson, Nottingham, UK
O. Ifesemen, Nottingham, UK
B. Kazemi Shishavan, Nottingham, UK
B. Marson, Nottingham, UK   

Editorial Task Force
R. Cecchinato, Milan, Italy
C. Martini, Milan, Italy
A. Redaelli, Milan, Italy

Editorial Board
D. Samartzis, Chicago, USA
A.J. Vlok, Belville, South Africa
K. A. Weissmann, Santiago, Chile
F.M.K. Williams, London, UK

Advisory Board
E. Acaroglu, Ankara, Turkey
E. Aghayev, Bern, Switzerland
Y. Ahn, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
A. Alanay, Ankara, Turkey
H. Albert, Ringe, Denmark
M. Alini, Davos, Switzerland
L. Alvarez-Galovich, Spain
V. Arlet, Philadelphia, PA, USA
C. M. Bach, Innsbruck, Austria
M. Balsano, Thiene, Italy
G. Barbagallo, Catania, Italy
C. Barrey, Lyon, France
P. Barsa, Liberec, Czech Republic
V. Bartanusz, Lausanne, Switzerland
T. Barz, Schwedt, Germany
T. Bas, Valencia, Spain
H. Berk, Izmir, Turkey
C. Berry, Cincinnati, OH, USA
F. Berryman, Birmingham, UK
C. Birkenmaier, Munich, Germany
W. Börm, Flensburg, Germany
C. Bolger, Dublin, Ireland
S. Boriani, Bologna, Italy
M. Brayda-Bruno, Milan, Italy
H. Brisby, Gothenburg, Sweden
V. Bullmann, Köln, Germany
M. Cabraja, Berlin, Germany
C. Cedraschi, Geneva, Switzerland
S. Cervellati, Bologna, Italy
X.-H. Cai, Wuhan, China
Y. P. Charles, Strasbourg, France
D. Chopin, Lille, France
C. J. Colloca, Phoenix, USA
P. Côté, Toronto, Canada
M. Crostelli, Rome, Italy
M. Czyz, Nottingham, UK
H.L.A. Defino, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
A. Dezawa, Kawasaki City, Japan
A. Di Martino, Rome, Italy
M. Di Silvestre, Bologna, Italy
M. Dittmar, Zapopan, Mexico
A.D. Diwan, Kogarah, Australia
M. Doita, Iwate, Japan
P. Dolan, Bristol, UK
R. Dunn, Cape Town, South Africa
T. R. Easwar, Palakkad, India
A. Elfering Berne, Switzerland
A. Ermund, Gothenburg, Sweden
J.C.T. Fairbank, Headington, Oxford, UK
T. F. Fekete, Zurich, Switzerland
S. Ferguson, Zurich, Switzerland
Y. Floman, Tel Aviv, Israel
J. Franke, Dortmund, Germany
V.K. Goel, Toledo, OH, USA
Z.L. Gokaslan, Baltimore, MD, USA
M. J. Goytan, Winnipeg, Canada
M. Grönblad, Helsinki, Finland
M. C. Gupta, St. Louis, MO, USA
D.J. Hall, Adelaide, Australia
D. K. Hamilton, Pittsburgh, United States
C. C. Hasler, Basel, Switzerland
P.F. Heini, Berne, Switzerland
K. Ito, Eindhoven, Netherlands
L. Jiang, Beijing, China
W. Käfer, Kusel, Germany
A. Kaelin, Geneva, Switzerland
R. M. Kanna, Coimbatore, India
M. Kawakami, Ito Gun, Japan
D. Kletsas, Athens, Greece
H. Koller, Bad Wildungen-Reinhardshausen, Germany
A. Korge, Munich, Germany
P. Korovessis, Patras, Greece
A. Krödel, Essen, Germany
V. Lafage, New York, NY, USA
F. Lattig, Speicher, Switzerland
J.-C. Le Huec, Bordeaux, France
I.H. Lieberman, Plano, TX, USA
B. Liu, Beijing, China
T. Lund, Helsinki, Finland
D.G. Marchesi, Lausanne, Switzerland
J.Y. Margulies, Pleasantville, NY, USA
W.S. Marras, Columbus, OH, USA
H.-M. Mayer, Munich, Germany
J. McAviney, Yowie Bay, Australia
A. H. McGregor, London, United Kingdom
J. S. Mehta, Birmingham, United Kingdom
H.J. Meisel, Halle, Germany
B. Meyer, Munich, Germany
F. Meyer, Oldenburg, Germany
E. Müller, Klagenfurt, Austria
E. Munting, Brussels, Belgium
S. Naderi, Izmir, Turkey
C. Neidlinger-Wilke, Ulm, Germany
C. Nnadi, Oxford, UK
M. Nordin, New York, NY, USA
S. Núñez-Pereira, Köln, Germany
I. Obeid, Bordeaux, France
J.K. O'Dowd, London, UK
F.C. Öner, Utrecht, Netherlands
A. Ohlin, Malmö, Sweden
L. Papavero, Hamburg, Germany
E. Parent, Edmonton, Canada
S. B. Park, Seoul, Korea, Rep.
H. Pascal-Moussellard, Paris, France
P.W. Pavlov, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
F. Pellisé-Urquiza, Barcelona, Spain (Reviews)
M. Pfeiffer, Loerrach, Germany
J.L. Pinheiro-Franco, Sao Paolo, Brazil
T. Pigott, Liverpool, UK
L. H. Pimenta, Sao Paulo, Brazil
A. Ploumis, Ioannina, Greece
F. Postacchini, Rome, Italy
B. Qian, Nanjing, China
Y. Qiu, Nanjing, China
S. Rajasekaran, Ramnagar, Coimbatore, India
P. Roussouly, Lyon, France
B.J. van Royen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
D-K. Ruan, Beijing, China
G. Sapkas, Athens, Greece
H. Saraste, Stockholm, Sweden
C.G. Schizas, Lausanne, Switzerland
R. Schmidt, Göppingen, Germany
W. Schmoelz, Innsbruck, Austria
K.J. Schnake, Nürnberg/Fürth, Germany
CH. J. Siepe, Munich, Germany
M. Shafafy, Nottingham, UK
F. H. Shen, Charlottesville, United States
J.-P. Steib, Strasbourg, France
T.M. Stoll, Basle, Switzerland    
M. Teli, Liverpool, United Kingdom
C. Tello, Buenos Aires, Argentina
E. Tessitore, Geneva, Switzerland
P. Tropiano, Marseille, France
M. van Tulder, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
C. Ulbricht, London, United Kingdom
Ch. Ulrich, Goeppingen, Germany
E. Van de Kelft, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
R. Vengust, Ljubljana, Slovenia
L.R. Vialle, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
C. Villanueva, Barcelona, Spain
J.-M. Vital, Bordeaux, France
E. Vresilovic, King of Prussia, PA, USA
J. Webb, Nottingham, UK
D. Welsh, Cape Town, South Africa
D.A. Wong, USA
R.D. Zeller, Paris, France
M. Zileli, Izmir
M.R. Zindrick, USA

Assistant Editorial Board
S. Ahuja, Cardiff, UK
M. Alhashash, Bad Berka, Germany
H. Ali, Egypt
R. Amaral, São Paulo, Brazil
T. Aoyama, Sapporo, Japan
R. Assaker, Lille, France
A. Assi, Beirut, Lebanon
U. Aydinly, Bursa, Turkey
A. A. Baaj, New York, USA
J. Bagó, Barcelona, Spain
G. Barbanti-Brodano, Bologna, Italy
R. Bassani, Milan, Italy
A. Bekar, Bursa, Turkey
E. S. Bersusky, Buenos Aires, Argentina
A.W. Bhandarkar, Herrin, IL, USA
G. Bodon, Esslingen, Germany
J. Booth, Nottingham, UK
A. Bosco, Chennai, India
A. Bourghli, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
P. Bovonratwet, New York, NY, USA
S. Brambilla, Milan, Italy
S. Brown, Guelph, ON, Canada     
G. Camino-Willhuber, Buenos Aires, Argentina
K. Chaudhary, Mumbai, India
J. Cholewicki, Lansing, MI, USA
M.J. Colomina, Barcelona, Spain
G. B. Cornwall, Poway, CA, USA
G. Costanzo, Latina, Italy
G.O.A. Cuéllar, Bogotá, Colombia
J.E. Cunningham, Richmond, VIC, Australia
B.T. Dahl, Houston, TX, USA
R. Delfini, Rome, Italy
B. Depreitere, Leuven, Belgium
T.J. Dietrich, St. Gallen, Switzerland
A.S. Dumont, Charlottesville, VA, USA
T. Egloff, Münchenstein, Switzerland
T. Elfiky, Alexandria, Egypt
P. Eysel, Cologne, Germany
M. R.  Farrokhi, Shiraz, Iran
M. Farshad, Zurich, Switzerland
A. A. Faundez, Geneva, Switzerland
M.G. Fehlings, Toronto, ON, Canada
F. Ferreri, Rome, Italy
M. Formica, Genova, Italy
D. Fourney, Saskatoon, Canada
J.M. Fritz, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
P. Fritzell, Falun, Sweden
T. Furuya, Chiba, Japan
F. Galbusera, Milan, Italy
B. Gantenbein-Ritter, Bern, Switzerland
D. Garbossa, Torino, Italy
A. C. Gardner, Birmingham, UK
A. Gasbarrini, Bologna, Italy
M. Gehrchen, Copenhagen, Denmark
F. P. Girardi, New York, USA
M. Glowacki, Warsaw, Poland
E. Gobbi, Buenos Aires, Argentina
A. Goel, Mumbai, India
A. Gonzalvo, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
J. A.C. Guimarães Consciência, Portugal
B. Guiot, Littleton, CO, USA
G. Guizzardi, Florence, Italy
E. Hanafy, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
N. Hansen-Algenstaedt, Hamburg, Germany
I. J. Harding, Bristol, UK
F. Hartmann, Koblenz, Germany
D. Haschtmann, Zurich, Switzerland
O.N. Hausmann, Luzern, Switzerland
I. J. Helenius, Turku, Finland
D.W.L. Hukins, Birmingham, UK
J.C. Iatridis, Burlington, VT, USA
H. Iizuka, Isesaki, Japan
B. Ilharreborde, Paris, France
B. Jónsson, Harstad, Norway
S. R. Kantelhardt, Mainz, Germany
E. Kast, Winterthur, Switzerland
Z. Klezl, Derby, UK
M. Koda, Tsukuba, Japan
N. Kumar, Singapore, Singapore
P. Krepler, Vienna, Austria
F.P. Kuhn, Zurich, Switzerland
M. Kumar Patralekh, Delhi, India
P. Lakshmanan, Sunderland, UK
A. Lazary, Budapest, Hungary
L. Lenke, New York, NY, USA
K. Lippuner, Berne, Switzerland
S.V. Marawar, Syracuse, NY, USA
L. Marchi, São Paulo, Brazil
R. Maugeri, Palermo, Italy
H. Mehdian, Nottingham, UK
M. Melloh, Winterthur, Switzerland
J. Melrose, St. Leonards, Australia
T. Meng, Shanghai, China
H. Mhaidli, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
L. Miladi, Paris, France
J. Mineiro, Lisbon, Portugal
S. Minnella, Milan, Italy
H. Miyamoto, Kobe, Japan
H. Nagashima, Tottori, Japan
S. Negrini, Brescia, Italy               
D.J. Nuckley, Minneapolis, MN, USA
T. Odent, Paris, France
L. Oggiano, Rome, Italy
P. Otten, Fribourg, Switzerland
D. Ovadia, Tel-Aviv, Israel
P. D. Parchi, Milan, Italy
J.-B. Park, Uijeongbu, Korea, Rep.
M. Pecina, Zagreb, Croatia
Y. Peng, San Diego, CA, USA
A. Perna, Rome, Italy
A. Piazzolla, Bari, Italy
T. Pitzen, Homburg/Saar, Germany
J. Pizones, Madrid, Spain
N.A. Quraishi, Nottingham, UK
R. Reindl, Montreal, Canada
A. A. Reyes-Sanchez, Mexico City, Mexico
D. Riew, New York, NY, USA
M. Ruf, Karlsbad, Germany
A. Russo, Birmingham, UK
L. Scaramuzzo, Milan, Italy
S. Schaeren, Basle, Switzerland
M. Scholz, Frankfurt a.M., Germany
C. Schonauer, Naples, Italy
M. Sekiguchi, Fukushima, Japan
A. Shirazi-Adl, Montreal, Canada
T. Singh Pannu, New York, NY, USA
V. Sinkov, Las Vegas, NV, USA
H.E. Smith, Philadelphia, USA
R. C. Soh, Singapore, Singapore
D. Song, Shanghai, China
D.C.R. Soundararajan, Coimbatore, India
V. E. Staartjes, Zurich, Switzerland
J. Štulík, Prague, Czech Republic
P.K. Surapuraju, Chennai, India
D. Thompson, London, UK
A. Torrie, Gloucester, UK
P. Trobisch, Simmerath, Germany
P. Tsitsopoulos, Thessaloniki, Greece
J. Tu, Sydney, Australia
M. Turgut, Aydin, Turkey
M. Uehara, Matsumoto, Japan
J. Urrutia, Santiago, Chile
P. Vahedi, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
P. Vajkoczy, Berlin, Germany
E. Vialle, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
C. Vidal, Paris, France
X. Vidal, Barcelona, Spain
S. Vidyadhara, Bangalore, India
M. Visocchi, Rome, Italy
A.N. Vivekanandaswamy, Coimbatore, India
S. Wang, Boston, MA, USA
D. Wardlaw, Aberdeen, UK
W. Welch, Philadelphia, USA
B. Welke, Hannover, Germany
R. Wohns, Seattle, USA
X. Yang, Leiden, The Netherlands
H. Yin, Shanghai, China
S.T. Yoon, Atlanta, GA, USA
W. Yuan, Shanghai, P.R. China
F. Zaina, Milan, Italy
A. Zanirato, Genova, Italy
B. Zárate-Kalfópulos, Mexico City, Mexico
A. Zibis, Larissa, Greece
Founding Editor
M. Aebi, Bern, Switzerland

Honorary Editor
S. Nazarian, Marseille, France