Your privacy, your choice

We use essential cookies to make sure the site can function. We also use optional cookies for advertising, personalisation of content, usage analysis, and social media.

By accepting optional cookies, you consent to the processing of your personal data - including transfers to third parties. Some third parties are outside of the European Economic Area, with varying standards of data protection.

See our privacy policy for more information on the use of your personal data.

for further information and to change your choices.

Skip to main content

BMC Ecology is now closed. This journal has merged with BMC Ecology and Evolution, a broad-scope, open access community journal that considers articles on all aspects of evolution and ecology.

BMC will continue to host an archive of all articles published in BMC Ecology and it will remain fully searchable via the BMC website.