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The Cinema in Flux

The Evolution of Motion Picture Technology from the Magic Lantern to the Digital Era

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  • © 2021

Overview

  • Chronicles the complete history of motion picture technology from the magic lantern to the current digital era
  • Shows how competing technological, cultural, economic, and legal factors shaped the cinema and TV industries
  • Split into digestible sections and accompanied by plenty of illustrations

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Table of contents (83 chapters)

  1. THE GLASS CINEMA: The Cinema of Real Motion

  2. THE GLASS CINEMA: Apparent Motion, Discovered and Applied

  3. THE CELLULOID CINEMA: The 35 mm Medium

Keywords

About this book

The first of its kind, this book traces the evolution of motion picture technology in its entirety. Beginning with Huygens' magic lantern and ending in the current electronic era, it explains cinema’s scientific foundations and the development of parallel enabling technologies alongside the lives of the innovators. Product development issues, business and marketplace factors, the interaction of aesthetic and technological demands, and the patent system all play key roles in the tale.

The topics are covered sequentially, with detailed discussion of the transition from the magic lantern to Edison’s invention of the 35mm camera, the development of the celluloid cinema, and the transition from celluloid to digital. Unique and essential reading from a lifetime innovator in the field of cinema technology, this engaging and well-illustrated book will appeal to anyone interested in the history and science of cinema, from movie buffs to academics and members of the motion picture industry.


Reviews

“The book features a beautiful iconographic apparatus that, together with its author’s wide-ranging knowledge of technology and material- oriented approach to the evolution of the medium, make it particularly well suited as a companion to more traditional cinema histories for teachers of film courses and scholars of film technology in general.” (Sabrina Negri, Technology and Culture, Vol. 63 (4), October, 2022)

“If you’re studying computer science with a view to working in animation or movie production, you absolutely should read it. And if you’re not, you will find that the pictures and descriptions of the devices that led to what we see in our cinemas today are absolutely fascinating.” (G. K. Jenkins, Computing Reviews, July 4, 2022)


“His point of view is both authoritative and fascinating … . Lenny Lipton's The Cinema in Flux is richly illustrated, and also contains a bibliography, a list of patents, and an index. It is a most pleasurable read, as the author moves joyfully, eruditely, and eloquently between eras, personalities, and systems. An instant classic, no less.” (Laurent Mannoni, Journal of Film Preservation, Issue 105, November, 2021) “This extraordinary work by Lenny Lipton is valuable not only because of the quality of its analysis, its breadth, its vision, and its erudition, but also because of its clarity and literary style, so pleasant to read: above all, it has an originality that strongly distinguishes it from its predecessors. What makes Lenny Lipton's book admirable and exciting, one of a kind, is that the author -- one of the great designers of modern 3D -- during his long career has been a technician, director, inventor, and entrepreneur. Thanks to his training and long experience, he has the knowledge of science and the film industry to allow him to approach the long history of cinema, punctuating it with patents, both those that were successful and industrial disasters, magnificent failures and major and minor developments.” (Laurent Mannoni, Curator, Cinémathèque Française, Paris)

Authors and Affiliations

  • Los Angeles, USA

    Lenny Lipton

About the author

Lenny Lipton founded StereoGraphics Corporation in 1980 and was the Chief Technology Officer of RealD during the introduction of digital stereoscopic theatrical exhibition. He led the team that invented the ZScreen, used in more than 30,000 RealD 3-D theaters, and was the first to demonstrate the flickerless projection technique used on 80,000 3-D cinema screens. He has written four books, including Independent Filmmaking (1972) and Foundations of the Stereoscopic Cinema (1982). He is a Fellow of both the SMPTE and the SPIE, and a member of the Scientific Council of the Conservatoire des techniques of the Cinémathèque Française. He’s been granted 72 patents in the field of electronic stereoscopic displays and received a Smithsonian award for his invention of CrystalEyes, the original electronic stereoscopic eyewear product, and he received the Lumiere Lifetime Achievement Award from the Advanced Cinema Society. While majoring in physics at Cornell he wrote the lyrics of the song Puff the Magic Dragon. He produced and directed 25 independent films in the collection of the Pacific Film Archive. He lives in Laurel Canyon, California, with his family.

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