Skip to main content
  • Book
  • © 2020

Multiple q and Investment in Japan

  • Employs and deepens a framework of the investment function that allows for the heterogeneity of capital goods

  • Capitals are grouped into different categories depending on the enterprise size and on the mode of acquisition

  • Inquires into and statistically tests null hypotheses set on investment behavior in Japan

  • 658 Accesses

Buy it now

Buying options

eBook USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Other ways to access

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check for access.

Table of contents (7 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-xii
  2. Survey of the Literature

    • Kazumi Asako, Jun-ichi Nakamura, Konomi Tonogi
    Pages 1-27
  3. Augmentations to Multiple q Theory

    • Kazumi Asako, Jun-ichi Nakamura, Konomi Tonogi
    Pages 29-38
  4. Construction and Summary Statistics of the Data

    • Kazumi Asako, Jun-ichi Nakamura, Konomi Tonogi
    Pages 39-49
  5. Investment Behavior of Japanese Firms

    • Kazumi Asako, Jun-ichi Nakamura, Konomi Tonogi
    Pages 51-115
  6. Extensions of the Multiple q Model: (I) Heterogeneity by Enterprise Size

    • Kazumi Asako, Jun-ichi Nakamura, Konomi Tonogi
    Pages 117-142
  7. Extensions of the Multiple q Model: (II) Heterogeneity by Mode of Acquisition

    • Kazumi Asako, Jun-ichi Nakamura, Konomi Tonogi
    Pages 143-176
  8. Heterogeneity of Capital: Concluding Remarks

    • Kazumi Asako, Jun-ichi Nakamura, Konomi Tonogi
    Pages 177-184

About this book

In this book, a framework of the investment function is developed that allows for the heterogeneity of capital goods, i.e., the Multiple q model, and investment behavior in Japan by employing this Multiple q framework is developed. The standard approach to investment behavior is Tobin's q theory in which the investment rate is a linear function of only the q ratio, or a firm's market value measured by its capital goods.  As is well known, however, its empirical performance has been almost universally unsatisfactory. Thus the development of a new framework.

The authors inquire into and statistically test null hypotheses set on such issues as (a) heterogeneity of multiple capital goods, (b) non-convex adjustment costs to inspire lumpy investment, (c) differences in the adjustment costs in accumulating capital stock through new purchases, second-hand market acquisitions, and large-scale repairs, and (d) capital market imperfections.

The test results show that, irrespective of the time period, firms’ size, and the industry to which firms belong, (a) multiple capital goods are not homogeneous, (b) some firms face adjustment cost structures that eventually lead to occasional lumpy investment, (c) the method of acquiring investment matters in accumulating capital stock, and (d) capital market imperfections would constrain some lumpy investment.

This book is published in cooperation with the Research Institute of Capital Formation, Development Bank of Japan.

Authors and Affiliations

  • Rissho University, Tokyo, Japan

    Kazumi Asako, Konomi Tonogi

  • Research Institute of Capital Formation, Development Bank of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

    Jun-ichi Nakamura

About the authors

Kazumi Asako is professor at the Faculty of Economics, Rissho University. His fields of interest in research are macroeconomics, empirical analysis of Japanese economy, and social common capital and environmental economics. He received a bachelor’s degree in economics at the University of Tokyo in 1974 and a Ph.D. in economics at Yale University.




Jun-ichi Nakamura is general manager, Research Institute of Capital Formation, Development Bank of Japan. His fields of interest are corporate finance, financial system, corporate investment behavior, and Japanese economy. He received a bachelor’s degree in economics at Keio University in 1989, and MA in economics at the University of Tokyo in 1995.




Konomi Tonogi is assistant professor at the Faculty of Economics, Rissho University. His research area is investment dynamics, intangible investment, firm value, and productivity analysis. He received BA in economics at Chuo University in 2002 and MA (2004) and Ph.D (2015) in economics at Hitotsubashi University.

Bibliographic Information

  • Book Title: Multiple q and Investment in Japan

  • Authors: Kazumi Asako, Jun-ichi Nakamura, Konomi Tonogi

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2981-8

  • Publisher: Springer Singapore

  • eBook Packages: Economics and Finance, Economics and Finance (R0)

  • Copyright Information: Development Bank of Japan 2020

  • Hardcover ISBN: 978-981-15-2980-1Published: 21 August 2020

  • Softcover ISBN: 978-981-15-2983-2Published: 21 August 2021

  • eBook ISBN: 978-981-15-2981-8Published: 21 August 2020

  • Edition Number: 1

  • Number of Pages: XII, 184

  • Number of Illustrations: 12 b/w illustrations, 10 illustrations in colour

  • Topics: Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics, Asian Economics, Corporate Finance

Buy it now

Buying options

eBook USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Other ways to access