Overview
- Presents broad textual evidence for the development of theories relating to living forms in classical German philosophy
- Proposes that the Biologie is a unitary framework that consists substantially in a compilation and interpretation of earlier theories
- Provides an overall account of vitalism and the philosophy of nature in 18th century Germany
Part of the book series: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences (HPTL)
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Table of contents (6 chapters)
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Front Matter
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Back Matter
Keywords
About this book
This book offers a comprehensive account of vitalism and the Romantic philosophy of nature. The author explores the rise of biology as a unified science in Germany by reconstructing the history of the notion of “vital force,” starting from the mid-eighteenth through the early nineteenth century. Further, he argues that Romantic Naturphilosophie played a crucial role in the rise of biology in Germany, especially thanks to its treatment of teleology. In fact, both post-Kantian philosophers and naturalists were guided by teleological principles in defining the object of biological research.
The book begins by considering the problem of generation, focusing on the debate over the notion of “formative force.” Readers are invited to engage with the epistemological status of this formative force, i.e. the question of the principle behind organization. The second chapter provides a reconstruction of the physiology of vital forces as it was elaborated in the mid- to late-eighteenth century by the group of physicians and naturalists known as the “Göttingen School.” Readers are shown how these authors developed an understanding of the animal kingdom as a graded series of organisms with increasing functional complexity.
Chapter three tracks the development of such framework in Romantic Naturphilosophie. The author introduces the reader to the problem of classification, showing how Romantic philosophers of nature regarded classification as articulated by a unified plan that connects all living forms with one another, relying on the idea of living nature as a universal organism. In the closing chapter, this analysis shows how the three instances of pre-biological discourse on living beings – theory of generation, physiology and natural history – converged to form the consolidated disciplinary matrix of a general biology.
The book offers an insightful read for all scholars interested in classical German philosophy, especially those researching the philosophy of nature, as well as the history and philosophy of biology.
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Authors and Affiliations
About the author
Andrea Gambarotto obtained his PhD in a co-tutored program between the Scuola Normale Superiore (Florence) and the Institut d'historie et de philosophie des sciences et des techniques (Paris). His main areas of expertise are classical German philosophy, philosophy of nature and philosophy of biology. He has published papers especially on German Idealism and on the history of German life-sciences between 18th and 19th century. He is the editor of a volume in history and philosophy of biology dedicated to the notion of organism.
Bibliographic Information
Book Title: Vital Forces, Teleology and Organization
Book Subtitle: Philosophy of Nature and the Rise of Biology in Germany
Authors: Andrea Gambarotto
Series Title: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65415-7
Publisher: Springer Cham
eBook Packages: History, History (R0)
Copyright Information: Springer International Publishing AG 2018
Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-319-65414-0Published: 10 October 2017
Softcover ISBN: 978-3-319-88023-5Published: 18 May 2018
eBook ISBN: 978-3-319-65415-7Published: 03 October 2017
Series ISSN: 2211-1948
Series E-ISSN: 2211-1956
Edition Number: 1
Number of Pages: XXII, 137
Topics: Philosophy of Biology, History of Science, Philosophy of Nature