The Welfare of Invertebrate Animals

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xviii

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2. Why Invertebrate Welfare?

   • Claudio Carere, Jennifer A. Mather

   Pages 1-5

3. Invertebrates and Humans: Science, Ethics, and Policy

   • Simone Pollo, Augusto Vitale

   Pages 7-22

4. Welfare Dilemmas Created by Keeping Insects in Captivity

   • Michael Boppré, Richard I. Vane-Wright

   Pages 23-67

5. Welfare of Managed Honey Bees

   • Claudia Garrido, Antonio Nanetti

   Pages 69-104

6. Spider Welfare

   • Simona Kralj-Fišer, Matjaž Gregorič

   Pages 105-122

7. Coral and Cnidarian Welfare in a Changing Sea

   • Ernesto Weil, Adriana Weil-Allen, Alejandro Weil

   Pages 123-145

8. Assessing the Potential for Pain in Crustaceans and Other Invertebrates

   • Robert W. Elwood

   Pages 147-177

9. Care and Enrichment for Captive Cephalopods

   • Gavan M. Cooke, Belinda M. Tonkins, Jennifer A. Mather

   Pages 179-208

10. Cephalopod Welfare, Biological and Regulatory Aspects: An EU Experience

    • Giovanna Ponte, Paul Andrews, Viola Galligioni, João Pereira, Graziano Fiorito

    Pages 209-228

11. Consider the Individual: Personality and Welfare in Invertebrates

    • Jennifer A. Mather, Claudio Carere

    Pages 229-245

12. Back Matter

    Pages 247-248

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This book is devoted to the welfare of invertebrates, which make up 99% of animal species on earth. Addressing animal welfare, we do not often think of invertebrates; in fact we seldom consider them to be deserving of welfare evaluation. And yet we should. Welfare is a broad concern for any animal that we house, control or utilize – and we utilize invertebrates a lot. The Authors start with an emphasis on the values of non-vertebrate animals and discuss the need for a book on the present topic. The following chapters focus on specific taxa, tackling questions that are most appropriate to each one. What is pain in crustaceans, and how might we prevent it? How do we ensure that octopuses are not bored? What do bees need to thrive, pollinate our plants and give us honey? Since invertebrates have distinct personalities and some social animals have group personalities, how do we consider this? And, as in the European Union’s application of welfare consideration to cephalopods, howdo the practical regulatory issues play out?


We have previously relegated invertebrates to the category ‘things’ and did not worry about their treatment. New research suggest that some invertebrates such as cephalopods and crustaceans can have pain and suffering, might also have consciousness and awareness. Also, good welfare is going to mean different things to spiders, bees, corals, etc. This book is taking animal welfare in a very different direction. Academics and students of animal welfare science, those who keep invertebrates for scientific research or in service to the goals of humans, as well as philosophers will find this work thought-provoking, instructive and informative.

• Invertebrates
• pain / suffering
• nociception
• sentience
• ethics
• animal personality
• cognition
• cephalopods
• crustaceans
• mollusks
• insects
• Model invertebrates
• Entomology
• research ethics

“This volume brings a useful and sophisticated perspective on how the psychophysical wellbeing of invertebrates should be considered, managed and accomplished. When people think of animal welfare, mammals, maybe birds, spring to mind. We do not think of invertebrates, as we seldom consider they are deserving of welfare attention. This book tells us that we should.” (Enrico Alleva and Daniela Santucci, Animal Behaviour, Vol. 167, September, 2020)

• Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Centre (CISMAR), University of Tuscia, Tarquinia, Italy

  Claudio Carere

• Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada

  Jennifer Mather

Claudio Carere, Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Centre (CISMAR), University of Tuscia, Tarquinia (Viterbo), Italy

Jennifer A. Mather, Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada

Policies and ethics