Mechanisms of Genome Protection and Repair

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvi

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2. Kinetic Milestones of Damage Recognition by DNA Glycosylases of the Helix-Hairpin-Helix Structural Superfamily

   • Nikita A. Kuznetsov, Olga S. Fedorova

   Pages 1-18

3. Protein Engineering of DNA-Dependent Enzymes

   • Anna V. Yudkina, Dmitry O. Zharkov

   Pages 19-33

4. A Multifunctional Protein PolDIP2 in DNA Translesion Synthesis

   • Diana I. Gagarinskaya, Alena V. Makarova

   Pages 35-45

5. Impact of PARP1, PARP2 & PARP3 on the Base Excision Repair of Nucleosomal DNA

   • M. M. Kutuzov, E. A. Belousova, E. S. Ilina, O. I. Lavrik

   Pages 47-57

6. Base Excision Repair in Chromatin and the Requirement for Chromatin Remodelling

   • Eleanor C. E. T. Madders, Jason L. Parsons

   Pages 59-75

7. DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Vertebrate Mitochondria: Evidence for Asymmetric DNA Strand Inheritance

   • Bakhyt T. Matkarimov, Murat K. Saparbaev

   Pages 77-100

8. Mystery of Expansion: DNA Metabolism and Unstable Repeats

   • Irina V. Grishchenko, Yana V. Purvinsh, Dmitry V. Yudkin

   Pages 101-124

9. The Detection of 8-Oxo-7,8-Dihydro-2′-Deoxyguanosine in Circulating Cell-Free DNA: A Step Towards Longitudinal Monitoring of Health

   • Sasha Stoddard, Andrew Riggleman, Ashley Carpenter, Ancha Baranova

   Pages 125-138

10. Biotransformation and Toxicities of Aristolochic Acids

    • Viktoriya S. Sidorenko

    Pages 139-166

11. Mechanisms of Sugar Beet Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

    • Bing Yu, Mengdi Chen, Inga Grin, Chunquan Ma

    Pages 167-194

12. Studying ALS: Current Approaches, Effect on Potential Treatment Strategy

    • E. I. Ustyantseva, S. P. Medvedev, S. M. Zakian

    Pages 195-217

13. Back Matter

    Pages 219-220

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DNA is under constant challenge from environmental and endogenous metabolic assaults. Several layers of defence and repair systems allow cells to maintain stable genomes; in humans, dysfunction of these systems leads to cancer, neurodegeneration, and other pathologies. At the same time, recently it had emerged that targeted and regulated DNA damage and repair is a mechanism underlying several important cellular processes such as epigenetic demethylation and immunoglobulin gene diversification. The present collection of papers is aimed to cover new developments in the area of protective and regulatory mechanisms associated with DNA damage. The mechanisms ruling the recognition of damaged nucleotides against the vast background of normal ones are reviewed. The role of extended non-catalytic domains that are often found in eukaryotic DNA repair proteins in contrast to their downsized, catalytic-only bacterial counterparts is discussed. Among the proposed subjects are the regulatory functions of bulky covalent modifications such as poly(ADP)ribosylation and ubiquitylation in DNA damage response, especially in the context of chromatin remodelling. As opposed to DNA repair, damage tolerance allows cells to replicate with lesions in the genome; the enzymes responsible are also covered. Finally, we present examples of modern multilevel understanding of the cell function and malfunction in the wake of genotoxic assaults such as oxidative stress, abiotic environmental stress, and DNA-damaging plant toxins.

• DNA damage
• DNA repair
• DNA tolerance
• Cell response
• Signaling pathway
• Oxidative stress

• Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia

  Dmitry O. Zharkov

Dmitriy Zharkov is the head of the Novosibirsk State University laboratory of protein engineering. He is a leading specialist in the field of fundamental mechanisms of DNA damage, DNA reparation and cell response to genotoxic stress. He has discovered several ferments of human reparation, defined special structures of some DNA-glycosylases and developed the theory of substrate specificity of ferments that recognize nucleic acids as dynamic multi-stage process. 

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