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  • © 2020

The Essence of Numbers

  • This is a unique book which systematically addresses the conceptual nature of numbers
  • Combines mathematics, philosophy and history as tools to account for the existence and essence of numbers
  • Draws on original analyses of key classical authors (Aristotle, Condillac, Frege, Husserl...)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Mathematics (LNM, volume 2278)

Part of the book sub series: History of Mathematics Subseries (HISTORYMS)

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Table of contents (15 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-xi
  2. Introduction

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 1-6
  3. The Lasting Influence of Pythagorism

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 7-21
  4. The One and the Multiple

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 23-33
  5. Mathematics and Reality

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 35-44
  6. The Third Man Argument

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 45-56
  7. Numbers and Magnitudes

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 57-68
  8. Generalized Numbers I

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 69-78
  9. Generalized Numbers II

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 79-90
  10. Cantor and Set Theory

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 91-99
  11. Frege’s Logicism

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 101-109
  12. Set Theory in Frege

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 111-119
  13. Axioms and Formalisms

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 121-134
  14. The Brain and Cognitive Processes

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 135-141
  15. Phenomenology of Numbers

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 143-154
  16. Universal Phenomena, Algebra, Categories

    • Frédéric Patras
    Pages 155-164
  17. Back Matter

    Pages 165-176

About this book

This book considers the manifold possible approaches, past and present, to our understanding of the natural numbers. They are treated as epistemic objects: mathematical objects that have been subject to epistemological inquiry and attention throughout their history and whose conception has evolved accordingly. Although they are the simplest and most common mathematical objects, as this book reveals, they have a very complex nature whose study illuminates subtle features of the functioning of our thought.

Using jointly history, mathematics and philosophy to grasp the essence of numbers, the reader is led through their various interpretations, presenting the ways they have been involved in major theoretical projects from Thales onward. Some pertain primarily to philosophy (as in the works of Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Wittgenstein...), others to general mathematics (Euclid's Elements, Cartesian algebraic geometry, Cantorian infinities, set theory...).

Also serving as an introduction to the works and thought of major mathematicians and philosophers, from Plato and Aristotle to Cantor, Dedekind, Frege, Husserl and Weyl, this book will be of interest to a wide variety of readers, from scholars with a general interest in the philosophy or mathematics to philosophers and mathematicians themselves.

Reviews

“Patras' book is an enjoyable read, highlighting the complexities of the familiar numbers, engaging a phenomenological approach which remains fairly rare in the philosophy of mathematics.” (Emmylou Haffner, Mathematical Reviews, May, 2022)

Authors and Affiliations

  • CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France

    Frédéric Patras

About the author

Frédéric Patras, alumnus of the École Normale Supérieure and research director at CNRS, is a mathematician who has long been committed to philosophical studies. Also the author of a book on contemporary mathematical thinking (La pensée mathématique contemporaine), he has published and edited over a hundred works on various subjects. He is interested in what the philosophical tradition can bring to our current understanding of science and mathematics.

Bibliographic Information

Buy it now

Buying options

eBook USD 14.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book USD 22.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Other ways to access