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A Journey Through The Realm of Numbers

From Quadratic Equations to Quadratic Reciprocity

  • Introduces foundational concepts in number theory, set theory, and algebra in an accessible and motivated way
  • Includes over 300 carefully structured exercises to aid understanding
  • Helps the reader develop basic programming skills for mathematical computations
  • Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Part of the book series: Springer Undergraduate Mathematics Series (SUMS)

Part of the book sub series: SUMS Readings (SUMSR)

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Table of contents (8 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-xix
  2. Introduction: Polynomial Equations

    • Menny Aka, Manfred Einsiedler, Thomas Ward
    Pages 1-73
  3. Cantor’s Paradise

    • Menny Aka, Manfred Einsiedler, Thomas Ward
    Pages 75-108
  4. Sums of Squares

    • Menny Aka, Manfred Einsiedler, Thomas Ward
    Pages 109-143
  5. Sums of Two Squares

    • Menny Aka, Manfred Einsiedler, Thomas Ward
    Pages 145-198
  6. Abstract Algebra: Ring Theory

    • Menny Aka, Manfred Einsiedler, Thomas Ward
    Pages 199-220
  7. Cubic and Quartic Diophantine Equations

    • Menny Aka, Manfred Einsiedler, Thomas Ward
    Pages 221-245
  8. The Structure of the Group F × p

    • Menny Aka, Manfred Einsiedler, Thomas Ward
    Pages 247-279
  9. Studying Squares Again

    • Menny Aka, Manfred Einsiedler, Thomas Ward
    Pages 281-315
  10. Back Matter

    Pages 317-344

About this book

This book takes the reader on a journey from familiar high school mathematics to undergraduate algebra and number theory. The journey starts with the basic idea that new number systems arise from solving different equations, leading to (abstract) algebra. Along this journey, the reader will be exposed to important ideas of mathematics, and will learn a little about how mathematics is really done.

Starting at an elementary level, the book gradually eases the reader into the complexities of higher mathematics; in particular, the formal structure of mathematical writing (definitions, theorems and proofs) is introduced in simple terms. The book covers a range of topics, from the very foundations (numbers, set theory) to basic abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields), driven throughout by the need to understand concrete equations and problems, such as determining which numbers are sums of squares. Some topics usually reserved for a more advanced audience, such as Eisenstein integers or quadratic reciprocity, are lucidly presented in an accessible way. The book also introduces the reader to open source software for computations, to enhance understanding of the material and nurture basic programming skills. For the more adventurous, a number of Outlooks included in the text offer a glimpse of possible mathematical excursions.

This book supports readers in transition from high school to university mathematics, and will also benefit university students keen to explore the beginnings of algebraic number theory. It can be read either on its own or as a supporting text for first courses in algebra or number theory, and can also be used for a topics course on Diophantine equations.

        

Reviews

“This book offers a leisurely path to elementary number theory accessible to bright and motivated high-school students. … There is also a section that introduces the readers to Sage, and lots of exercises with hints. There are thousands of books out there that popularize mathematics by removing the mathematics from the text; the present book is different: it popularizes number theory and keeps the mathematics in. It is clearly written, suitable for self study, and it deserves a wide readership.” (‪Franz Lemmermeyer, zbMATH 1462.00008, 2021)

Authors and Affiliations

  • Department of Mathematics, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland

    Menny Aka, Manfred Einsiedler

  • School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Thomas Ward

About the authors

Menny Aka studied at the Hebrew University, with a Ph.D. in 2012 under Alexander Lubotzky. He held research positions at EPFL and ETH Zürich before becoming a senior scientist at ETH Zürich. He works on the interaction between number theory, ergodic theory and group theory. An enthusiastic and innovative lecturer, he is interested in making mathematics accessible, especially to younger audiences. He has initiated and taught in various programs for high school students, including projects aimed at gifted students and prospective undergraduates. He is interested in showcasing the beauty and simplicity underpinning complex mathematical ideas.

Manfred Einsiedler studied at the University of Vienna, with a Ph.D. in 1999 under Klaus Schmidt. He held research positions at the University of East Anglia, Penn State University, the University of Washington, and Princeton University as a Clay Research Scholar. After becoming a Professor at Ohio State University he joinedETH Zürich. In 2004 he won the Research Prize of the Austrian Mathematical Society, in 2008 he was an invited speaker at the European Mathematical Congress in Amsterdam, and in 2010 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Hyderabad. He works on ergodic theory (especially dynamical and equidistribution problems on homogeneous spaces) and its applications to number theory. He has collaborated with Grigory Margulis and Akshay Venkatesh. With Elon Lindenstrauss and Anatole Katok, Einsiedler proved that a conjecture of Littlewood on Diophantine approximation is "almost always" true.

Thomas Ward studied at the University of Warwick, with a Ph.D. in 1989 under Klaus Schmidt. He held research positions at the University of Maryland, College Park and at Ohio State University before joining the University of East Anglia in 1992. Since 2008 he has served on university executives, as Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Education at the University of East Anglia and Durham University, and since 2016 as Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Student Education) at the University of Leeds. He worked on the ergodic theory of algebraic dynamical systems, compact group automorphisms, and number theory. A long collaboration with Graham Everest on links between number theory and dynamical systems included the book “Heights of polynomials and entropy in algebraic dynamics” and a paper on Diophantine equations that won the 2012 Lester Ford Prize for mathematical exposition. With Einsiedler he has written “Ergodic theory with a view towards number theory” in 2011 and “Functional analysis, spectral theory, and applications” in 2017.    



     

Bibliographic Information

  • Book Title: A Journey Through The Realm of Numbers

  • Book Subtitle: From Quadratic Equations to Quadratic Reciprocity

  • Authors: Menny Aka, Manfred Einsiedler, Thomas Ward

  • Series Title: Springer Undergraduate Mathematics Series

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55233-6

  • Publisher: Springer Cham

  • eBook Packages: Mathematics and Statistics, Mathematics and Statistics (R0)

  • Copyright Information: The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

  • Softcover ISBN: 978-3-030-55232-9Published: 04 October 2020

  • eBook ISBN: 978-3-030-55233-6Published: 03 October 2020

  • Series ISSN: 1615-2085

  • Series E-ISSN: 2197-4144

  • Edition Number: 1

  • Number of Pages: XIX, 344

  • Topics: Number Theory, Algebra

Buy it now

Buying options

eBook USD 14.99 USD 29.99
50% discount Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book USD 19.99 USD 37.99
47% discount Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Other ways to access