Soil in Criminal and Environmental Forensics

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-ix

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2. Criminal Soil Forensics: The Examination of Traces and Legal Context

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Forensic Palynology: Checking Value of Pollen Analysis as a Tool to Identify Crime Scene in Semiarid Environments

      • M. Munuera-Giner, J. S. Carrión

      Pages 3-13

   3. Forensic Palynology: How Pollen in Dry Grass Can Link to a Crime Scene

      • Martina Weber, Silvia Ulrich

      Pages 15-23

   4. Geological Analysis of Soil and Anthropogenic Material. Three Case Studies

      • Rosa Maria Di Maggio

      Pages 25-43

   5. Forensic Soil Analysis: Case Study of Looting at a Roman-Visigothic Burial Vault

      • Enrique Santillana, Jose C. Cordero, Francisco Alamilla

      Pages 45-60

   6. Soil Comparisons Using Small Soil Traces, A Case Report

      • Stefan Uitdehaag, Frederike Quaak, Irene Kuiper

      Pages 61-69

   7. Forensic Comparison of Soil Samples

      • Jisook Min, Kiwook Kim, Sangcheol Heo, Yurim Jang

      Pages 71-105

   8. Reinstating Soil Examination as a Trace Evidence Sub-discipline

      • Brenda Woods, Chris Lennard, K. Paul Kirkbride, James Robertson

      Pages 107-120

   9. Methodology of Forensic Soil Examination in Russia and a View on the World Standardization Process

      • Olga Gradusova, Ekaterina Nesterina

      Pages 121-136

3. Environmental Soil Forensics: Tools for Spatial and Chemical Analysis

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 137-137

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   2. Geographical Information Systems – A Working Example in the Brazilian Federal Police for Fighting Environmental Crime

      • Daniel Araujo Miranda, Daniel Russo

      Pages 139-152

   3. Forensic Characterization of Gasoline Releases Impacting the Environment

      • Gil Oudijk

      Pages 153-161

   4. A General Overview of Pesticides in Soil: Requirement of Sensitive and Current Residue Analysis Methods

      • Sevcan Semen, Selda Mercan, Munevver Acikkol

      Pages 163-180

4. Searches: Cooperation, Strategies and Techniques

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 181-181

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   2. A Study of pH as an Influencing Factor in the Survival of Human Remains at Sites Investigated by the Independent Commission for the Location of Victims Remains

      • N. A. McCullagh

      Pages 183-199

   3. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Search and Location of Buried Bodies: A United Kingdom Context

      • Karl Harrison, Lorna Dawson, Gaille Mackinnon

      Pages 201-211

   4. Forensic Geophysics: How the GPR Technique Can Help with Forensic Investigations

      • P. M. Barone, C. Ferrara, E. Pettinelli, A. Fazzari

      Pages 213-227

   5. Filter Paper Adsorption and Ninhydrin Reagent as Presumptive Test for Gravesoil

      • Martien H. F. Graumans, Tim C. W. van der Heijden, Aleksandra Kosinska, Maarten J. Blom, Ben M. de Rooij

      Pages 229-240

5. Burial Sites: Decomposition and Degradation Processes

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 241-241

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This introductory volume to a new series on Soil Forensics gives a kaleidoscopic view of a developing forensic expertise.  Forensic practitioners and academic researchers demonstrate, by their joint contributions, the extent and complexity of soil forensics.  their reports exemplify the broad range of sciences and techniques applied in all stages of forensic soil examinations, from investigations at crime scenes to providing evidence that can be used in court proceedings.  Moreover the necessity is depicted of co-operation as a condition for any work in soil forensics between scientists of different disciplines, but no less between scientists and law enforcers.Soils play a role in environmental crimes and liability, as trace evidence in criminal investigations and, when searching for and evaluating, buried human remains.  This book shows soil forensics as practiced in this legal context, emerging and solidifying in many countries all over the world, differing in some respects because of differences in legal systems but ultimately sharing common grounds.

• criminology
• environmental forensics
• soil analysis
• forensic geophysics
• decomposition
• forensice palynology
• human remains
• carcasses
• soil fauna

• Fac. of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  Henk Kars

• Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands

  Lida van den Eijkel

Professor Henk Kars has a background in mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry. After having finished his PhD Early-Medieval Dorestad, an Archaeo-Petrological Study, he performed between 1984-1994, in close cooperation with specialists in different areas of science, a variety of archeometric studies in the fields of provenancing (stone, ceramics), ancient technology (iron production), dating (geomagnetism, 14C, dendrochronology) and (geochemical) prospection, which has resulted in a high number of papers in international, often peer-reviewed, journals. Since 1995 the research subjects changed from main stream science in archaeology to the in situ preservation of archaeological heritage. This is demonstrated by the participation and coordination of EC-projects that studied the in situ deterioration of the metal artifact, bone and wood. Today he is an internationally acknowledged expert with regard to the preservation ofarcheological remains in situ. In addition to this he has been member of the management team of the Dutch National Service for Archaeological Heritage (ROB) for more than five years. His career at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU) started in 1994 where he was appointed, on a part time basis, to the first chair of Archaeometry in the Netherlands. In 1997 he became director of the post-academic course "Management van Archeologische Projecten" (projectmanagement for archaeologists), which is performed within a partnership of both universities of Amsterdam and ROB. Since 2002 he has been a fulltime professor Geo- en Bioarchaeology at the VU and director of the newly established Institute for Geo- and Bioarchaeology.
Lida van den Eijkel (MSc) studied Environmental Sciences at Wageningen University, a comprehensive education in both the biotic and the abiotic environment. She specialized in soil and water pollution, with strong emphasis on microbiology and physical chemistry. Part of her education was a 6 month stay in Siberia to study the hydrobiology and pollution of Lake Baikal (at the University of Irkutsk and Limnological Instiute of the Academy of Sciences).
After graduating she worked for consultancies on projects of soil remediation (especially cases of metal pollution), for a company that developed (superconducting) magnetic systems as a clean-up technology for waste water and soil, and for the (now) Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (Rijkswaterstaat) on the pollution of flood plains.
She moved to the Netherlands Forensic Institute more than 25 years ago to work with the new to be established department of Environmental Forensics, in the beginning doing pioneering organizational work as well as forensic case-work with regards to the enforcement of environmental laws in The Netherlands. Later she extended the case-work to criminal law enforcement, examining especially soil and water contact traces.
In recent years she concentrated on environmental forensics again. Fields of special interest and work are the use of data collections of soil characteristics, the application of (recycled) materials as fertilizers, care duty for soil and GIS. An emerging field of work is the water and soil pollution due to organized serious crime, such as the delibarate dumping in the environment of waste resulting from the production of illicit drugs.

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