Degradation of Elastomers in Practice, Experiments and Modeling

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. Basic Mechanisms and Predictive Testing of Tire-Road Abrasion

   • Gert Heinrich, Manfred Klüppel

   Pages 1-14

3. Thermo-Oxidative Aging and Mechanical Fatigue of Elastomer Compounds Used in Various Fields of Rubber Industry

   • M. Klüppel, J. Jungk

   Pages 15-48

4. Novel Approach on Analyzing Mechanochemical Wear Mechanism of Rubber Vulcanizates in Molecular Scale

   • Shinya Nakano, Tomofumi Zushi, Toshio Tada

   Pages 49-70

5. Tire-Abrasion Particles in the Environment

   • R. Gieré, V. Dietze

   Pages 71-101

6. Multiphysical Modeling and Simulation of Thermal Damage of Elastomers: State of the Art and Developments Towards Cyber-Physical Systems

   • R. Behnke, M. Kaliske

   Pages 103-119

7. Experimental and Numerical Description of the Heat Build-Up in Rubber Under Cyclic Loading

   • O. Peter, R. Stoček, O. Kratina

   Pages 121-141

8. The Effect of Thermal Ageing on the Fatigue Resistance of Hydrogenated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR) Compounds

   • Barnabas Shaw, Julien Ramier, James J. C. Busfield

   Pages 143-165

9. Effect of Antioxidants on the Aging Behavior of NR and S-SBR Materials

   • Katja Oßwald, Katrin Reincke

   Pages 167-183

10. Degradation of Tires During Intended Usage

    • R. Kipscholl, R. Stoček

    Pages 185-207

11. Thermal and Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Rubbers: Some Recent Studies

    • T. Saha, A. K. Bhowmick

    Pages 209-238

12. Experimental Analysis of Fast Crack Growth in Elastomers

    • Thanh-Tam Mai, Yoshihiro Morishita, Katsuhiko Tsunoda, Kenji Urayama

    Pages 239-272

13. The Effect of Apparent Cross-Link Density on Cut and Chip Wear in Natural Rubber

    • M. Pöschl, R. Stoček, P. Zádrapa

    Pages 273-291

14. Parameters Influencing Fatigue Characteristics of Tyre Tread Rubber Compounds

    • P. Ghosh, J. Chanda, R. Mukhopadhyay

    Pages 293-315

15. Mechanistic and Kinetic Studies on Degradation Processes of Rubber Types

    • Ulrich Giese, Stephanie Kautz, Corinna Schwarzendahl, Sabine Thust

    Pages 317-344

This volume describes new insights into the main aspects of rubber degradation by material’s fatigue, wear and aging evolution, as well as their impact on mechanical rubber properties. It provides a thorough state-of-art explanation of the essential chemical, physical and mechanical principles as well as practices of material characterization for wear prediction, and to convey or define novel strategies and procedures of planning effective wear test programs. The initiating factors of abrasion, the development of surface abrasion on sharp and blunt tracks (so called cutting and chipping) and the influence of smear and lubricants is also summarized. The volume is of interest to research scientists in related fields from academia and industry. 

• Elastomers
• Aging & Degradation
• Fatigue
• Predictive Testing
• Life Time Simulations

• Technische Universitðt Dresden, Dresden, Germany

  Gert Heinrich

• Coesfeld GmbH and Co. KG, Dortmund, Germany

  Reinhold Kipscholl

• PRL Polymer Research Lab s.r.o., ZlÚn, Czech Republic

  Radek Stoček

Gert Heinrich graduated at the University in Jena (G) in quantum physics in 1973. At the University of Technology (TH) Leuna-Merseburg, he finished his doctorate in 1978 in polymer network physics and his Habilitation in 1986 about theory of polymer networks and topological constraints. In 1990 he received a position at the tire manufacturer Continental in Hanover (G) as senior research scientist and head of Materials Research. Heinrich continued his academic activities as lecturer at Universities of Hanover (G) and Halle/Wittenberg (G). In 2002, he was appointed as a full professor for “Polymer Materials and Rubber Technology” at the Technische Universität Dresden and as director of the Institute of Polymer Materials at the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e. V. (IPF). Since 2017 he is a Senior Professor. His work has been recognized by several grants and awards, e.g. the George Stafford Whitby Award for distinguished teaching and research from the Rubber Division ofthe ACS, the Colwyn Medal in UK for outstanding services to the rubber industry; the Carl Dietrich Harries Medal from the German Rubber Society, and the Lifetime Achievement Award from Tire Technology International Magazine.



Reinhold Kipscholl graduated as Dipl.-Ing. in engineering of data processing and electronics. He is active since more than 20 years in leading industrial positions, especially in the field of testing and characterization of materials with respect of their physical behavior. Since 20 years he is General Manager of Coesfeld GmbH & Co. KG (Dortmund), a German Company developing and producing material testing equipment for plastics and elastomers. In 2012, R. Kipscholl founded and became CEO of PRL Polymer Research Lab., a Czech company which he led until 2021, researching and developing new testing methods for characterization of fracture and wear behavior of rubbers. He has been awarded with the 2018 Fernley H. Bunbury Award (RubberDivision, American Chemical Society).



Radek Stoček obtained his diploma degree as engineer in 2005 from the Czech Technical University in Prague and received his Ph.D. in engineering science in 2012 from the Technical University Chemnitz (Germany), working with M. Gehde and parallel with G. Heinrich at IPF Dresden (G). Then he started an industrial career at PRL Polymer Research Lab (PRL), Zlin, Czech Republic, and parallel an independent academic career at the Tomas Bata University (TBU) in Zlin. He finished his Habilitation in 2019. Currently he is holding the two positions as Managing Director at PRL and Head of the Rubber Department at TBU. His research and scientific interests are focused on characterization of rubber material properties with respect to fatigue and fracture mechanics and on the development of new and advanced testing methodologies, hardware and equipments. One main goal is to optimize industrial rubber products in terms of performanceand durability as well as to fasten development cycles and minimizing extensive real rubber product tests before production. His work has been recognized by awards from The Tire Society (USA). 
R. Stoček is author of 54 publications (according to Scopus) and holds several Utility Models. 

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