Degradation Theory of Long Term Operated Materials and Structures

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xv

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2. Introduction to the Degradation Theory of Low Carbon Steels

   • Grzegorz Lesiuk, José A.F.O. Correia, Halyna V. Krechkovska, Grzegorz Pekalski, Abílio M.P. de Jesus, Oleksandra Student

   Pages 1-19

3. Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Degradation Processes in Long-Term Operated Bridge Materials from the 19th Century and Early 20th Century

   • Grzegorz Lesiuk, José A.F.O. Correia, Halyna V. Krechkovska, Grzegorz Pekalski, Abílio M.P. de Jesus, Oleksandra Student

   Pages 21-53

4. Sensitivity of Puddled Steels to Stress Corrosion Cracking and Estimation of Their State with Using Electrochemical Parameters

   • Grzegorz Lesiuk, José A.F.O. Correia, Halyna V. Krechkovska, Grzegorz Pekalski, Abílio M.P. de Jesus, Oleksandra Student

   Pages 55-93

5. Case Studies: Structural, Fractographic and Mechanical Aspects of the Steels Degradation of the Hyperboloid Gridshell Towers

   • Grzegorz Lesiuk, José A.F.O. Correia, Halyna V. Krechkovska, Grzegorz Pekalski, Abílio M.P. de Jesus, Oleksandra Student

   Pages 95-125

6. Fatigue and Fracture Behaviour of Long Term Operated Bridge Materials and Components

   • Grzegorz Lesiuk, José A.F.O. Correia, Halyna V. Krechkovska, Grzegorz Pekalski, Abílio M.P. de Jesus, Oleksandra Student

   Pages 127-205

This book addresses the fatigue behavior of riveted connections from ancient Portuguese metallic bridges as well as the fatigue crack propagation behavior of related materials. Some examples of the fatigue assessment of long-term operated metallic bridges are presented and discussed. The phenomena of degradation is discussed in chapter 2, devoted to the material aspects of the Degradation Theory. Applications of structural integrity assessment/ corrosion aspects are discussed in chapter 3; case studies in chapter 4 and fatigue and fracture test results in chapter 5.

• Microstructural Degradation
• Mechanical Degradation
• Fatigue Fracture Mechanics
• Corrosion
• Finite Element Modeling

• Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland

  Grzegorz Lesiuk

• Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

  José A.F.O. Correia

• Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute, Lviv, Ukraine

  Halyna V. Krechkovska, Oleksandra Student

• Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland

  Grzegorz Pekalski

• Faculty of Engineering, Deptartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

  Abílio M.P. de Jesus

Dr Grzegorz Lesiuk, Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanics, Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland. The research field of Dr Lesiuk is fatigue & fracture of engineering materials connected with the microstructural degradation processes and its potential influence on the mechanical properties of long-term operated steel structural members. He is also interested in new materials, composite materials and mathematical modelling of fatigue & fracture process regarding energy approach. Dr Lesiuk at Wroclaw University of Science and Technology conducts regular lectures and classes: classical mechanics, dynamics, differential equations, fracture mechanics, lightweight structures, engineering failure analysis. Dr Lesiuk is a member of Polish Group of Fracture Mechanics, Polish Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, ESIS (European Structural Integrity Society), co-chair of the working group in TC12 ESIS, member of advisory board of Springer Book Series-Structural Integrity, member of editorial board Fracture and Structural Integrity Journal (FIS), Science Progress (SAGE). He is also author and co-author of more than 150 scientific publications in the most relevant national and international scientific journals devoted to engineering materials and mechanics, proceedings in international and national conferences, congresses and workshops, author of 1 book.

José A.F.O. Correia is Researcher at CONSTRUCT/FEUP of the University of Porto (Portugal). Since 2018, he is Guest Teacher at the Engineering Structures Department of the Civil Engineering and Geosciences Faculty of the Delft University of Technology (Netherlands). He is an invited Professor at the Structural Mechanics section in the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Coimbra. He obtained is BSc (2007) and MSc (2009) degrees in Civil Engineering from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. He was a specialist in steel and composite (steel and concrete) construction at the University of Coimbra in 2010. He was awarded his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from the University of Porto in 2015. He is also co-author of more 100 papers in the most relevant scientific journals devoted to engineering materials and structures as well as 200 proceedings in international and national conferences, congresses, and workshops. He is a member of scientific and professional organizations, such as Ordem dos Engenheiros, Associação Portuguesa de Construção Metálica e Mista (CMM), and Associação o para a Conservação e Manutenção de Pontes (ASCP, Portuguese Group of IABMAS). He is Co-Chair of TC12 of European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS), the Editor of the Springer Book Series Structural Integrity, and Guest Editor of numerous international journals. He is a member of technical committees, CEN TC250 SC3 WG 1-9 Fatigue and CEN TC250 SC3 WG 1-10 Fracture, of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). His current research interests are (a) behaviour to fatigue and fracture of materials and structures (steel and aluminium, riveted and bolted connections, pressure vessels, old steel bridges, wind turbine towers, offshore structures); (b) probabilistic fatigue modelling of metallic materials (including statistical evaluation, size effect, cumulative damage); (c) probabilistic design of glass structural elements; and (d) mechanical behaviour of materials and wooden structures (connections and characterization of ancient structures).

Halyna Krechkovska, Ph.D, is Senior Research in the Department Diagnostics of Materials Corrosion-Hydrogen Degradation of the Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The scientific activity is mainly focused on the examination technical state of old constructions, determination of the causes of destruction of structure elements in the oil and gas production, heat powerand oil refining industries of the Ukraine. The developing of approaches for the quantitative assessment of fractographic and structural features of steel degradation and established their correlation with its standard mechanical properties is within her scientific interests. She has over 83 published scientific papers and 4 patents. Since 2015 is the Member of European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS).

Docent Dr Grzegorz Pękalski, Emeritus Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland. The research field of Dr Pękalski is materials science and corrosion issues. Docent Grzegorz Pękalski was responsible for the execution of several national projects related to the degradation of materials in the power industry and mining industry - especially brown coal excavators. He is the author of an innovative concept for the assessment of the materials degradation state. He was responsible for the education ofthe young generation of the scientists at Wrocław University of Science and Technology-Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. Many of his students have been awarded for scientific achievements. He also contributed to the implementation of materials engineering in education programmes within the Individual Study Programme at Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.  For his academic achievements, he was honored many times by the Polish authorities. He is also author and co-author of more than 200 scientific publications in the most relevant national and international scientific journals devoted to engineering materials, proceedings in international and national conferences, congresses and workshops, author of 3 books.

Abílio Manuel Pinho de Jesus (PhD, MSc.) is Auxiliary Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the Faculty of Engineering from the University of Porto (FEUP) since 2014, after 18 years of teaching activity at the Department of Engineering of the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal. He is also research member at the Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI) and is integrated research in the Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics (LAETA) and responsible for the Thematic Research Line on Advanced Manufacturing. He graduated in Mechanical Engineering by FEUP in 1996. He got a master degree in Mechanical Engineering by FEUP in 1999. He got a PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering at UTAD in 2004. He is co-author of 160 papers in national and international scientific journals and more than 300 papers presented and/or published into proceedings of both national and international conferences. A total of 206 documents in SCOPUS and an H-index of 24 show the consistency and visibility of the research work that has been developed in the fields of fatigue and fracture of materials and structures. The manufacturing processes, and particularly subtractive and additive processes have been elected as a research priority in the last 5 years with a group in the field consolidated. Process simulation, material characterization, hybrid manufacturing (additive and subtractive) and their relation with fatigue behaviour are targeted besides other research topics related to integrity of structures of different applications. The edition of the Structural Integrity Book series, the nomination for the ESIS TC12 and the current European Projects, FASTCOLD and IN2TRACK2, and national projects MAMTOOL, ADD.STRENGTH and FIBREBRIDGE highlights the research being performed.

Professor Oleksandra Student is Leading Researcher in the Department of Diagnostic of Hydrogen-Corrosion Degradation of Materials, Karpenko Physico Mechanical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The main directions of scientific activity: fractographic examination of damaged structural elements in the oil and gas production and transportation systems, heat power and oil refining industries; the assessment of the technical state of the structural steels after its long-time in-service degradation using a wide range of mechanical characteristics. Author a 3 monographs and 275 scientific papers, 20 patents.

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