Somatostatin

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

   PDF

2. Biosynthesis and Processing

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

      PDF

   2. Regulation and Diversity of Peptide Hormone Gene Expression

      • Joel F. Habener

      Pages 3-12

   3. Structure and Regulation of the Rat Somatostatin Gene

      • Jack E. Dixon, Timothy E. Hayes, Marie Tavianini, Bernard A. Roos, Ourania Andrisani

      Pages 13-19

   4. Regulation of Somatostatin Gene Expression by Cyclic AMP

      • Richard H. Goodman, Gail Mandel, Kevin A. Sevarino, Marc R. Montminy

      Pages 21-32

   5. Peptides Derived from Mammalian Prosomatostatin

      • Robert Benoit

      Pages 33-50

   6. Expression of Preprosomatostatin in Foreign Cells: Secretion of Mature Somatostatin by Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae)

      • Dennis Shields, Reza Green, Michael Schaber, Richard Kramer

      Pages 51-58

   7. Cotranslational and Posttranslational Proteolytic Processing of Preprosomatostatin-I and Preprosomatostatin-II in Intact Islet Tissue

      • Bryan D. Noe, Robert B. Mackin, John K. McDonald, Philip C. Andrews, Jack E. Dixon, Joachim Spiess

      Pages 59-70

   8. Environmental Regulation of Neurotransmitter Phenotypic Expression in Sympathetic Neurons

      • John A. Kessler

      Pages 71-79

3. Mechanisms of Action

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 81-81

      PDF

   2. Side Chain Conformations of Somatostatin Analogs when Bound to Receptors

      • Ruth F. Nutt, C. Dylion Colton, Richard Saperstein, Daniel F. Veber

      Pages 83-88

   3. Somatostatin Receptor: Evidence for Functional and Structural Heterogeneity

      • Coimbatore B. Srikant, Yogesh C. Patel

      Pages 89-102

   4. Structural Analysis of Somatostatin Receptors

      • John A. Williams, Christiane Susini

      Pages 103-109

   5. Mode of Action of Somatostatin in Islet B-Cells: Influence on Glucose-, L-Isoleucine- and Glyburide-Induced Electrical Activity

      • Caroline S. Pace

      Pages 111-119

   6. Mechanisms by which Somatostatin Inhibits Pituitary Hormone Release

      • Agnes Schonbrunn, Bruce D. Koch

      Pages 121-135

   7. Molecular Mechanisms of Somatostatin Inhibition of Hormone Release from AtT-20 Cells

      • Lawrence C. Mahan, Terry Reisine

      Pages 137-145

4. Role of Somatostatin in Nervous System Function and Controversies in Somatostatin Research

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 147-147

      PDF

   2. Regulation of Hypothalamic Somatostatin Secretion

      • Richard Robbins

      Pages 149-156

   3. Somatostatin and Behavior: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

      • Charles B. Nemeroff, Thomas J. Walsh, Garth Bissette

      Pages 157-167

   4. Physiological Significance of Somatostatin in Growth Hormone Regulation

      • Gloria Shaffer Tannenbaum

      Pages 169-182

The discovery of hypothalamic factors that inhibited growth hormone secretion and of pancreatic factors that inhibited insulin secretion were the first clues to the existence of somatostatin. During the course of efforts to isolate growth hormone releasing factor, Krulich, McCann and Dhariwal found that hypothalamic extracts contained a potent inhibitor of growth hormone secretion. They postulated that growth hormone secretion was under a dual control system, one inhibitory and the other excitatory (I) . In studies being carried out at about the same time, Hellman and Lernmark found a factor in pancreatic extracts that inhibited insulin secretion (2). They postulated that islet cell function was regulated by local hormonal factors. With the isolation and chemical characterization of somatostatin by Brazeau and colleagues (3), and the availability of relatively large amounts of the synthetic peptide for research, it has been possible to demonstrate that both predictions were true. Subsequent work revealed that somatostatin, as initially isolated (somatostatin 14), was but one of several related peptides, part of a multigene family, with tissue specific processing. Many of the details of biosynthesis and genetic control have been worked out, and this molecule has served many workers as a model gut-brain peptide for detailed study. The peptides are widely distributed in tissues and exert an extraordinary range of effects on most glandular secretions, both internal and external.

• Insulin Secretion
• Pancreas
• biosynthesis
• brain
• diabetes
• growth
• homeostasis
• hormone
• insulin
• molecule
• neurotransmitter
• peptides
• research
• tissue
• treatment

• Tufts University, Boston, USA

  Seymour Reichlin

Policies and ethics