Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xv

   PDF

2. Introduction

   • Ivan Bastian, Françoise Portaels

   Pages 1-15

3. The epidemiology of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the United States and other established market economies

   • Marisa Moore, Eugene McCray, Ida M. Onorato

   Pages 17-28

4. Epidemiology of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries

   • Marcos A. Espinal

   Pages 29-44

5. The interaction of human immunodeficiency virus and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

   • Eugene McCray, Ida M. Onorato

   Pages 45-57

6. Clinical mismanagement and other factors producing antituberculosis drug resistance

   • Ariel Pablos-Méndez, Klaus Lessnau

   Pages 59-76

7. The molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

   • Howard E. Takiff

   Pages 77-114

8. DOTS and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

   • Mario C. Raviglione

   Pages 115-131

9. Conventional methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

   • Leonid Heifets

   Pages 133-143

10. Novel rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    • Juan Carlos Palomino

    Pages 145-162

11. Pharmacology of the second-line antituberculosis drugs

    • Charles A. Peloquin, Barbara Auclair

    Pages 163-174

12. Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

    • Michael D. Iseman, Gwen A. Huitt

    Pages 175-190

13. Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in developing countries

    • John Crofton, Armand Van Deun

    Pages 191-203

14. Treatment outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

    • Edward E. Telzak

    Pages 205-212

15. Chemoprophylaxis and BCG in contacts of multidrugresistant tuberculosis

    • Richard A. Stapledon, Richard Lumb, Irene S. Lim

    Pages 213-224

16. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and the health care worker

    • David M. Weinstock, Kent A. Sepkowitz

    Pages 225-239

17. The development of new chemotherapeutics for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

    • Clifton E. Barry III

    Pages 241-252

18. Population dynamics and control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

    • Christopher Dye, Brian G. Williams

    Pages 253-267

19. Administrative, engineering, and personal protective measures for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    • Chesley Richards, William R. Jarvis

    Pages 269-284

20. Making DOTS-Plus work

    • Paul E. Farmer, Sonya S. Shin, Jaime Bayona, Jim Y. Kim, Jennifer J. Furin, Joel G. Brenner

    Pages 285-306

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: past, present and future Ivan Bastian and Franyoise Portaels Mycobacteriology Unit. Institute of Tropical Medicine. Antwerp. Belgium The Lord hath created medicines out of the earth and he that is wise will not abhor them. Ecclesiasticus 38:4, quoted by Selman Waksman when accepting the 1952 Nobel Prize for Medicine that was awarded for the discovery of the first effective antituberculosis drug. streptomycin. which was derived from the soil bacterium, Streptomyces grisells. 1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE This book has been published at the close of the twentieth century when the medical profession and the general community are increasingly concerned about the threat of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB)[1. 2]. However, at this epoch, it is enlightening to move back from our immediate concerns about MDRTB 'hot spots' in Asia, South America, and the former Soviet Union [3], and to place our current predicament in an historical context. If the results of the global survey of antituberculosis drug resistance conducted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) can be extrapolated, only 2. 2% of TB cases worldwide are due to multi drug­ resistant strains [3]. At the beginning of the 20th century, all TB cases were refractory to all available therapies. Great advances had been made during the 19th century in the understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of TB, and in the diagnosis of the disease (reviewed in references 4-7).

• antimicrobial
• pharmacology
• prevention
• virus
• infectious diseases

• Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Institute of Medical & Veterinary Science, Adelaide, Australia

  Ivan Bastian

• Mycobacteriology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

  Françoise Portaels

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