Anomalous X-Ray Scattering for Materials Characterization

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XIII

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2. Structural Characterization of Crystalline and Non-crystalline Materials — A Brief Background of Current Requirements

   Pages 1-7

3. Experimental Determination of Partial and Environmental Structure Functions in Non-crystalline Systems — Fundamental Aspects

   Pages 9-20

4. Nature of Anomalous X-ray Scattering and Its Application to the Structural Analysis of Crystalline and Non-crystalline Systems

   Pages 21-38

5. Experimental Determination of the Anomalous Dispersion Factors of X-rays — Theoretical and Experimental Issues

   Pages 39-58

6. In-House Equipment and Synchrotron Radiation Facilities for Anomalous X-ray Scattering

   Pages 59-73

7. Selected Examples of Structural Determination for Crystalline Materials Using the AXS Method

   Pages 75-109

8. Selected Examples of Structural Determination for Non-crystalline Materials Using the AXS Method

   Pages 111-160

9. Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

   Pages 161-179

10. Anomalous Grazing-Incidence X-ray Reflection

    Pages 179-198

11. Merits of Anomalous X-ray Scattering and Its Future Prospects

    Pages 199-210

12. Back Matter

    Pages 211-214

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The production of multi layered thin films with sufficient reliability is a key technology for device fabrication in micro electronics. In the Co/Cu type multi layers, for example, magnetoresistance has been found as large as 80 % at 4. 2 K and 50 % at room temperature. In addition to such gigantic mag netoresistance, these multi layers indicate anti ferromagnetic and ferromag netic oscillation behavior with an increase in the thickness of the layers of the non magnetic component. These interesting properties of the new synthetic flmctional materials are attributed to their periodic and interracial structures at a microscopic level, although the origin of such peculiar features is not fully understood. Information on the surface structure or the number density of atoms in the near surface region may provide better insight. Amorphous alloys, frequently referred to as metallic glasses, are produced by rapid quenching from the melt. The second generation amorphous alloys, called "bulk amorphous alloys", have been discovered in some Pd based and Zr based alloy systems, with a super cooled liquid region at more than 120 K. In these alloy systems, one can obtain a sample thickness of several centime ters. Growing scientific and technological curiosity about the new amorphous alloys has focused on the fundamental factors, such as the atomic scale struc ture, which are responsible for the thermal stability with certain chemical compositions.

• Amorphous alloys
• Atomic structure
• Crystals
• Materials analysis
• Quasicrystals
• REM
• STEM

• Institute for Advanced Materials Processing, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

  Yoshio Waseda

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