HIV and Dementia

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XIII

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2. The Human Problem: HIV, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and Dementia

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. The Pathogenesis of HIV Infections of the Brain

      • R. T. Johnson

      Pages 3-10

   3. Neurocognitive Disorders in HIV-1 Infection

      • I. Grant, R. K. Heaton, J. H. Atkinson, the HNRC Group

      Pages 11-32

   4. AIDS Dementia Complex and HIV-1 Brain Infection: A Pathogenetic Framework for Treatment and Evaluation

      • R. W. Price

      Pages 33-54

   5. Quantitative Neuropathologic Assessment of HIV-1 Encephalitis

      • C. A. Wiley

      Pages 55-61

   6. Penetration of Solutes, Viruses, and Cells Across the Blood-Brain Barrier

      • M. W. Brightman, S. Ishihara, L. Chang

      Pages 63-78

   7. Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and HIV-1-Related Neurologic Disorders

      • S. A. Kalams, B. D. Walker

      Pages 79-88

   8. Distinct HIV-1 env Sequences Are Associated with Neurotropism and Neurovirulence

      • C. Power, J. C. McArthur, R. T. Johnson, D. E. Griffin, J. D. Glass, R. Dewey et al.

      Pages 89-104

   9. Role for Astrocytosis in HIV-1-Associated Dementia

      • L. Vitković, A. da Cunha

      Pages 105-116

   10. Therapeutic Approaches to HIV Infection Based on Virus Structure and the Host Pathogen Interaction

       • C. D. Pauza, D. N. Streblow

       Pages 117-132

3. Lentivirus Animal Models of HIV Central Nervous System Disease

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 133-133

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   2. Neurobiology of Simian and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infections

      • M. B. Gardner, S. Dandekar

      Pages 135-150

   3. Selected Models of HIV-Induced Neurological Disease

      • O. Narayan, S. V. Joag, E. B. Stephens

      Pages 151-166

   4. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus as a Model for Study of Lentivirus Infection of the Central Nervous System

      • S. J. Henriksen, O. Prospero-Garcia, T. R. Phillips, H. S. Fox, F. E. Bloom, J. H. Elder

      Pages 167-186

   5. Transgenic Models to Assess the Neuropathogenic Potential of HIV-1 Proteins and Cytokines

      • L. Mucke, E. Masliah, I. L. Campbell

      Pages 187-205

4. Tissue Culture and Animal Models to Generate Basic Concepts on Viral Immune Cell: Central Nervous System Interactions

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 207-207

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   2. Virus Entry and Release in Polarized Epithelial Cells

      • R. W. Compans

      Pages 209-219

   3. Traffic of Hematogenous Cells Through the Central Nervous System

      • K. C. Williams, W. F. Hickey

      Pages 221-245

   4. Principles of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Induction and Recognition

      • J. L. Whitton, J. Zhang

      Pages 247-259

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) AIDS Program is the fourth largest acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) program within the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Since 1983, our program's contributions have concentrated on two major areas. The first has been to develop effective strategies to prevent or reduce behaviors that place individuals at risk for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The second has been to support and foster research to enhance our understanding of the profound impact of H IV-1 infection on the central nervous system (eNS). The brain appears to be a prime target of the virus and may serve as a reservoir for the virus. Post mortem examination of brain tissue has provided evidence of eNS cell damage in 80%-90% of people who die with AIDS. For about 10%-20% of people with AI DS, mild neuropsychological symptoms are the first signs of the disease. Approximately 20% of individuals infected with HIV-1 develop AIDS dementia complex. The symptoms include apathy, difficulty concentrat­ ing, irritability, depression, and personality changes. In the later stages of the disease, people may experience psychiatric disor­ ders. Death usually occurs within 6 months of the appearance of those more severe symptoms. Up to 90% of children infected with H IV-1 experience attention and concentration difficulties and often experience neurodevelopmental delay or regression over time.

• AIDS
• HIV
• brain
• cognition
• cytokine
• dementia
• immunodeficiency
• infection
• nervous system
• neurobiology
• neuroscience
• pathogenesis
• physiology
• proteins
• virus

• Department of Neuropharmacology, Division of Virology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA

  Michael B. A. Oldstone

• Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Research Branch, Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, USA

  Ljubiša Vitković

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