The Molecular Mechanism of Photoreception

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiii

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2. Introduction

   • H. Stieve

   Pages 1-10

3. The Biosynthetic, Functional, and Evolutionary Implications of the Structure of Rhodopsin

   • J. B. C. Findlay

   Pages 11-30

4. Activation of Visual Pigment: Chromophore Structure and Function

   • K. Kirschfeld

   Pages 31-49

5. Interaction of Photoactivated Rhodopsin with Photoreceptor Proteins: The cGMP Cascade

   • M. Chabre, M. L. Applebury

   Pages 51-66

6. Evidence for a Role of Messenger Substances in Phototransduction

   • G. L. Fain

   Pages 67-77

7. Evaluation of Internal Transmitter Candidates: Ca

   • P. A. McNaughton, B. J. Nunn, A. L. Hodgkin

   Pages 79-92

8. Significance of Changes in Intracellular Ca2+ for the Mechanism of Signal Transduction in Vertebrate Rod Cells

   • U. B. Kaupp, K.-W. Koch

   Pages 93-107

9. Evaluation of Rod Internal Transmitter Candidates: Cyclic GMP

   • W. H. Miller

   Pages 109-125

10. Properties of Cytoplasmic Transmitters of Excitation in Vertebrate Rods and Evaluation of Candidate Intermediary Transmitters

    • E. N. Pugh Jr., W. H. Cobbs

    Pages 127-158

11. Changes in Protein Phosphorylation and Nucleoside Triphosphates during Phototransduction — Physiological Correlates

    • M. D. Bownds, E. Brewer

    Pages 159-169

12. The Light-induced Conductance Change in the Vertebrate Rod

    • W. G. Owen

    Pages 171-187

13. Properties of the Light-dependent Membrane Conductances in Invertebrate Photoreceptors

    • J. E. Lisman

    Pages 189-198

14. Bumps, the Elementary Excitatory Responses of Invertebrates

    • H. Stieve

    Pages 199-230

15. Calcium and Light Adaptation in Invertebrate Photoreceptors

    • J. E. Brown

    Pages 231-240

16. Photopigment-dependent Adaptation in Invertebrates — Implications for Vertebrates

    • B. Minke

    Pages 241-265

17. Photoreceptor Adaptation — Vertebrates

    • T. D. Lamb

    Pages 267-286

18. Turnover of Vertebrate Photoreceptor Membranes

    • D. J. Roof

    Pages 287-302

19. Turnover of Photoreceptor Membrane and Visual Pigment in Invertebrates

    • J. Schwemer

    Pages 303-326

20. Quantitative Models of Phototransduction

    • A. Borsellino, L. Cervetto, V. Torre

    Pages 327-351

very important, especially the comparison of vertebrate and invertebrate transduction mechanisms. The workshop was very successful and the outcome of the discussions proved it worth the effort. To no small extent has that success been made possible by Dr. Silke Bernhard who with a combination of authority and charm together with her extremely efficient and dedicated staff organized this workshop, providing the conditions and framework for a scientific debate of outstanding quality in a friendly and pleasant atmosphere. The great majority of participants were also very committed to making this workshop successful. Besides the reports of the four discussion groups, this publication contains the background papers which were revised by the authors partly as a result of suggestions of some participants. I hope this book will give a fair overview of the state of our knowledge of research in visual transduction. It was a pleasure to edit, especially because of the friendly and very efficient commitment of K. Geue, J. Lupp, and A. Eckert and the cooperativeness of most of the contributors. Particularly I would like to acknowledge gratefully the extensive efforts and patience of the four rapporteurs, M.L. Applebury, W.H. Miller, W.G. Owen, and E.N. Pugh, Jr., in compiling, writing, and revising the group reports. REFERENCES (1) Altman, J. 1985. Sensory transduction, new visions in photoreception. Nature 313: 264-265. (2) Hagins, W.A. 1972. The visual process: Excitatory mechanisms in the primary receptor cells. Ann. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 1: 131-158.

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