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Approximate Circuits

Methodologies and CAD

  • Presents an overview of the approximate arithmetic building blocks that can be used for designing power/performance efficient computing units
  • Discusses effective memory approximation techniques to employ in conventional, i.e., DRAM and SRAM, as well as emerging, i.e., PCM and STT-RAM, memory technologies, for improving performance, power, and/or energy efficiency of the memory for error resilient applications
  • Includes an overview of hardware or software/hardware approximation techniques that operate across entire computing devices, including processors, graphical processors, and accelerators that can form a SoC with processors

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Table of contents (22 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-xxix
  2. Approximate Arithmetic Circuit

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1
    2. Configurable Models and Design Space Exploration for Low-Latency Approximate Adders

      • Muhammad Abdullah Hanif, Rehan Hafiz, Muhammad Shafique
      Pages 3-23
    3. Approximate Multipliers and Dividers Using Dynamic Bit Selection

      • Soheil Hashemi, Sherief Reda
      Pages 25-44
    4. Heterogeneous Approximate Multipliers: Architectures and Design Methodologies

      • Semeen Rehman, Bharath Srinivas Prabakaran, Walaa El-Harouni, Muhammad Shafique, Jörg Henkel
      Pages 45-66
    5. Approximate Arithmetic Circuits: Design and Evaluation

      • Honglan Jiang, Leibo Liu, Fabrizio Lombardi, Jie Han
      Pages 67-98
    6. Probabilistic Error Analysis of Approximate Adders and Multipliers

      • Sana Mazahir, Muhammad Kamran Ayub, Osman Hasan, Muhammad Shafique
      Pages 99-120
  3. Approximate Circuit Synthesis

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 121-121
    2. Automatic Synthesis Techniques for Approximate Circuits

      • Ashish Ranjan, Swagath Venkataramani, Shubham Jain, Younghoon Kim, Shankar Ganesh Ramasubramanian, Arnab Raha et al.
      Pages 123-140
    3. Approximate Logic Synthesis Using Boolean Matrix Factorization

      • Soheil Hashemi, Hokchhay Tann, Sherief Reda
      Pages 141-154
    4. Approximate Hardware Generation Using Formal Techniques

      • Saman Froehlich, Daniel Große, Rolf Drechsler
      Pages 155-174
    5. Automated Search-Based Functional Approximation for Digital Circuits

      • Lukas Sekanina, Zdenek Vasicek, Vojtech Mrazek
      Pages 175-203
    6. Approximate High-Level Synthesis of Custom Hardware

      • Seogoo Lee, Andreas Gerstlauer
      Pages 205-223
    7. Error Analysis and Optimization in Approximate Arithmetic Circuits

      • Deepashree Sengupta, Jiang Hu, Sachin S. Sapatnekar
      Pages 225-246
  4. Application-Specific Approximate Accelerators and Systems

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 247-247
    2. Approximate Multi-Accelerator Tiled Architecture for Energy-Efficient Motion Estimation

      • Bharath Srinivas Prabakaran, Walaa El-Harouni, Semeen Rehman, Muhammad Shafique
      Pages 249-268
    3. Hardware–Software Approximations for Deep Neural Networks

      • Muhammad Abdullah Hanif, Muhammad Usama Javed, Rehan Hafiz, Semeen Rehman, Muhammad Shafique
      Pages 269-288
    4. Lightweight Deep Neural Network Accelerators Using Approximate SW/HW Techniques

      • Hokchhay Tann, Soheil Hashemi, Sherief Reda
      Pages 289-305
    5. Approximate Computing Techniques for Deep Neural Networks

      • Jungwook Choi, Swagath Venkataramani
      Pages 307-329
    6. Approximate Computing for Iris Recognition Systems

      • Hokchhay Tann, Soheil Hashemi, Francesco Buttafuoco, Sherief Reda
      Pages 331-348

About this book

This book provides readers with a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of approximate computing, enabling the design trade-off of accuracy for achieving better power/performance efficiencies, through the simplification of underlying computing resources.  The authors describe in detail various efforts to generate approximate hardware systems, while still providing an overview of support techniques at other computing layers. The book is organized by techniques for various hardware components, from basic building blocks to general circuits and systems.

Editors and Affiliations

  • Brown University, Rhode Island, Providence, USA

    Sherief Reda

  • Vienna University of Technology, Wien, Austria

    Muhammad Shafique

About the editors

Sherief Reda is an Associate Professor (with tenure) at the School of Engineering, Brown University. He joined the Computer Engineering group at Brown in 2006 after receiving his Ph.D. in computer science and engineering from University of California, San Diego. His research interests are in the area of computer engineering, with focus on energy efficient computing systems, design automation and test of integrated circuits, and reconfigurable computing. Prof. Reda has over 85 refereed conference and journal papers (Google scholar profile). He served as a member of technical program committees for many IEEE/ACM conferences including DAC, ICCAD, ASPDAC, DATE, ICCD, GLSVLSI, and SLIP. Professor Reda received a number of awards and acknowledgments, including a hot article in Operations Research letters in 2004, a first place award in ISPD VLSI placement contest in 2005, five best paper nominations (DATE 2002, ICCAD 2005, ASPDAC 2008, ISLPED 2010 and ICCAD 2015), two best paper awards (DATE 2002 and ISLPED 2010), Brown's Salomon award in 2008, and a NSF CAREER award. His research has been funded by NSF, DoD ARL, DARPA, AMD, Samsung, Intel, Qualcomm and Videology. He is a senior member of IEEE.

Muhammad Shafique is professor at the Institute of Computer Engineering, Department of Informatics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Austria. He is directing the Group on Computer Architecture and Robust, Energy-Efficient Technologies (CARE-Tech). He received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany in Jan.2011. Before, he worked at Streaming Networks Pvt. Ltd. on advanced video coding systems for several years. His research interests are in computer architecture, power- and energy-efficient systems, robust computing, hardware security, neuromorphic computing, machine learning, approximate computing, neurosciences, emerging technologies, self-learning, cognitive systems, FPGAs, MPSoCs, and embedded systems. Hisresearch has a special focus on cross-layer analysis, modeling, design, and optimization of computing and memory systems covering various layers of the hardware and software stacks, as well as their integration in application use cases from Internet-of-Things (IoT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), and ICT for Development (ICT4D) domains. He received the prestigious 2015 ACM/SIGDA Outstanding New Faculty Award, six gold medals in educational career, and several best paper awards and nominations at prestigious conferences like DATE, DAC, ICCAD and CODES+ISSS, Best Master Thesis Award, and Best Lecturer Award. He has given several Invited Talks, Tutorials, and Keynotes. He has also organized many special sessions at premier venues (like DAC, ICCAD, DATE, IOLTS, and ESWeek) and served as the TPC-chair, Track-chair, TPC-member of several premier conferences. He is a senior member of the IEEE and IEEE Signal Processing Society (SPS), and a member of ACM, SIGARCH, SIGDA, SIGBED, and HiPEAC. He holds one US patent and over 180 papers in premier journals and conferences.

Bibliographic Information

  • Book Title: Approximate Circuits

  • Book Subtitle: Methodologies and CAD

  • Editors: Sherief Reda, Muhammad Shafique

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99322-5

  • Publisher: Springer Cham

  • eBook Packages: Engineering, Engineering (R0)

  • Copyright Information: Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019

  • Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-319-99321-8Published: 17 December 2018

  • eBook ISBN: 978-3-319-99322-5Published: 05 December 2018

  • Edition Number: 1

  • Number of Pages: XXIX, 479

  • Number of Illustrations: 55 b/w illustrations, 167 illustrations in colour

  • Topics: Circuits and Systems, Processor Architectures, Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation

Buy it now

Buying options

eBook USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Other ways to access