Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Their Elimination

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. A History of Iodine Deficiency Disorder Eradication Efforts

   • J. Woody Sistrunk, Frits van der Haar

   Pages 1-13

3. Assessment of Population Iodine Status

   • Zheng Feei Ma, Sheila A. Skeaff

   Pages 15-28

4. Epidemiology of Iodine Deficiency

   • Małgorzata Gizak, Jonathan Gorstein, Maria Andersson

   Pages 29-43

5. Severe Iodine Deficiency

   • Eduardo A. Pretell, Chandrakant Pandav, Regional Co-ordinator South Asia Iodine Global Network

   Pages 45-57

6. Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency

   • Creswell J. Eastman, Mu Li

   Pages 59-74

7. The Effects of Iodine Excess

   • Angela M. Leung

   Pages 75-89

8. Salt Iodization into the Modern Era and Beyond

   • Frits van der Haar

   Pages 91-104

9. Non-salt Food Fortification Programs

   • Peter Laurberg, Lone Banke Rasmussen

   Pages 105-120

10. Iodine Supplementation

    • Peter N. Taylor, Onyebuchi E. Okosieme

    Pages 121-140

11. Environmental Iodine Uptake Inhibitors

    • Elizabeth N. Pearce, Lewis E. Braverman

    Pages 141-153

12. Back Matter

    Pages 155-158

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Iodine is an essential micronutrient and an integral component of the thyroid hormones, which are required for normal growth and development. The iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) encompass a spectrum of adverse health effects including goiter, cretinism, hypothyroidism, growth retardation, and increased pregnancy loss and infant mortality. This volume summarizes the current understanding of the effects of iodine deficiency as well as iodine excess. It also discusses best practices for salt iodization, the mainstay of global IDD prevention efforts, and other forms of food fortification. The effectiveness of iodine supplementation for vulnerable populations, an evolving strategy in many regions, is also described. Low level environmental exposure to chemicals such as perchlorate and thiocyanate, which competitively block thyroidal iodine uptake, appears to be ubiquitous worldwide. There has been recent concern that such environmental exposures might pose a health hazard by inducing or aggravating underlying thyroid dysfunction. This up-to-date volume explores both the effects of iodine deficiency as well as the best strategies for IDD prevention.

• thyroidal iodine
• iodine nutrition
• salt iodization
• environmental iodine uptake inhibitors
• goiter
• cretinism

• Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA

  Elizabeth N. Pearce

Elizabeth N. Pearce, MD, MSc, is Associate Professor of Medicine in the Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition at Boston University School of Medicine. She also is on the management council of the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and the co-chair of the American Thyroid Association’s Thyroid in Pregnancy Guidelines Task Force.

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