The Psychology of Expertise

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiv

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2. Introduction

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Doing Psychology in an AI Context: A Personal Perspective and Introduction to This Volume

      • Robert R. Hoffman

      Pages 3-11

   3. Knowledge and Knowledge Acquisition in the Computational Context

      • Stephen B. Regoczei, Graeme Hirst

      Pages 12-25

3. Cognitive Theory and Expertise

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 27-27

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   2. Modeling Human Expertise in Expert Systems

      • Nancy J. Cooke

      Pages 29-60

   3. Mental Models and the Acquisition of Expert Knowledge

      • Robert M. Schumacher, Mary P. Czerwinski

      Pages 61-79

   4. Conceptual Analysis as a Basis for Knowledge Acquisition

      • John F. Sowa

      Pages 80-96

4. Knowledge Elicitation Methods

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 97-97

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   2. Implications of Cognitive Theory for Knowledge Acquisition

      • Sallie E. Gordon

      Pages 99-120

   3. Knowledge Acquisition and Constructivist Epistemology

      • Kenneth M. Ford, Jack R. Adams-Webber

      Pages 121-136

   4. Eliciting and Using Experiential Knowledge and General Expertise

      • David S. Prerau, Mark R. Adler, Alan S. Gunderson

      Pages 137-148

   5. Managing and Documenting the Knowledge Acquisition Process

      • Karen L. McGraw

      Pages 149-169

   6. Using Knowledge Engineering to Preserve Corporate Memory

      • Gary A. Klein

      Pages 170-187

5. Psychological Research on Expertise

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 189-189

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   2. On Being an Expert: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

      • Robert J. Sternberg, Peter A. Frensch

      Pages 191-203

   3. Mnemonics and Expert Knowledge: Mental Cuing

      • Francis S. Bellezza

      Pages 204-217

   4. The Role of General Ability in Cognitive Complexity: A Case Study of Expertise

      • Stephen J. Ceci, Ana Ruiz

      Pages 218-230

6. Expert-Novice Differences and the Development of Expertise

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 231-231

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   2. Expert-Novice Differences and Knowledge Elicitation

      • Mícheál Foley, Anna Hart

      Pages 233-244

Experts, who were the sole active dispensers of certain kinds of knowledge in the days before AI, have now often assumed a rather passive role. They relay their knowledge to various novices, knowledge engineers, experimental psychologists or cognitivists - or other experts! - involved in the development and understanding of expert systems. This book achieves a perfect marriage between experimentalists and theoreticians who deal with expertise. It tries to establish the benefits to society of an advanced technology for representing and disseminating the knowledge and skills of the best corporate managers, the most seasoned pilots, and the most renowned medical diagnosticians. This book interests psychologists as well as all those out in the trenches developing expert systems, and everyone pondering the nature of expertise and the question of how it can be studied scientifically. Its scope, the pivotal concepts which it elucidates and brilliantly summarizes and appraises in the final chapter, as well as the references it includes, make this book a landmark in the field.

• artificial intelligence
• epistemology
• expert system
• knowledge
• knowledge engineering
• learning
• memory
• modeling
• philosophy
• psychology

• Department of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, USA

  Robert R. Hoffman

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