Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures III

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xv

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2. Collection and Preparation of Environmental Samples for Bioassays

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Some Aspects of Mutagenicity Testing of the Particulate Phase and the Gas Phase of Diluted and Undiluted Automobile Exhaust

      • Ulf Rannug, Annica Sundvall, Roger Westerholm, Tomas Alsberg, Ulf Stenberg

      Pages 3-16

   3. Source Assessment Sampling System (SASS) Versus Dilution Tunnel Sampling

      • Raymond G. Merrill Jr., Joellen Lewtas, Robert E. Hall

      Pages 17-26

   4. Preparation of Hazardous and Complex Samples for Ecological Testing

      • Kenneth M. Duke, David J. Bean

      Pages 27-38

   5. Sample Collection and Preparation Methods Affecting Mutagenicity and Cytotoxicity of Coal Fly Ash

      • Judy L. Mumford, Joellen Lewtas

      Pages 39-58

   6. The Use of Short-Term Bioassays to Monitor the Environmental Impact of Land Treatment of Hazardous Wastes

      • Kirby C. Donnelly, Kirk W. Brown, Barry R. Scott

      Pages 59-78

   7. Mutagenicity Testing of Complex Mixtures Derived from Human Body Fluids

      • Resha M. Putzrath, Eric Eisenstadt

      Pages 79-87

   8. Evaluation by the Tradescantia-Micronucleus Test of the Mutagenicity of Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Fumes from Diesel and Diesel-Soybean Oil Mixed Fuels

      • T. H. Ma, W. R. Lower, F. D. Harris, J. Poku, V. A. Anderson, M. M. Harris et al.

      Pages 89-99

3. Application of Bioassays to the Characterization of Complex Mixtures

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 101-101

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   2. Microbial Assays in Research and in the Characterization of Complex Mixtures

      • Herbert S. Rosenkranz, Elena C. McCoy, Robert Mermelstein

      Pages 103-138

   3. Fractionation of an Oil Shale Retort Process Water: Isolation of Photoactive Genotoxic Components

      • Gary F. Strniste, Judy M. Bingham, W. Dale Spall, Joyce W. Nickols, Richard T. Okinaka, David J.-C. Chen

      Pages 139-151

   4. The Integration of Bioassay and Physiochemical Information for Complex Mixtures

      • Larry D. Claxton

      Pages 153-162

4. Development of Short-Term Bioassays: Mutagenicity and Cytotoxicity

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 163-163

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   2. Isolation of Mutagens from Drinking Water: Something Old, Something New

      • John C. Loper, M. Wilson Tabor

      Pages 165-181

   3. Mutagenicity Testing of Complex Environmental Mixtures with Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

      • A. P. Li, A. L. Brooks, C. R. Clark, R. W. Shimizu, R. L. Hanson, J. S. Dutcher

      Pages 183-196

   4. Bioassays of Oil Shale Process Waters in Paramecium and Salmonella

      • Joan Smith-Sonneborn, Elizabeth A. McCann, Ronald A. Palizzi

      Pages 197-210

   5. A Search for the Identity of Genotoxic Agents in the Ambient Air using the Tradescantia Bioassay

      • Lloyd A. Schairer, Richard C. Sautkulis, Neal R. Tempel

      Pages 211-228

   6. Relationship(S) between Mutation and Cytotoxicity Induced in Vitro

      • J. H. Carver, A. D. Mitchell, M. D. Waters

      Pages 229-244

   7. The Mouse Oocyte Toxicity Assay

      • James S. Felton, R. Lowry Dobson

      Pages 245-255

In the four years since the 1978 Symposium on the Application of Short-Term Bioassays in the Fractionation and Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures the use of short-term bioassays to evaluate potential health hazards of complex environmental mixtures has substantially increased. Increased research activity has been particularly noticeable in mobile source emissions, where initial observations on the mutagenic activity of diesel particulate extracts reported at the 1978 symposium stimulated the development of major research programs in government and industry. In the absence of appropriate reference materials, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated comparative genotoxicity studies to determine the relative mutagenic and carcinogenic activity and, ultimately, the potential human health risk due to exposure to various complex emission products. Among the materials investigated were those of known health risk, such as coke oven and roofing tar emissions and cigarette smoke condensates, and those of unknown hazard, such as exhaust from diesel-and gasoline-powered vehicles. Studies on diesel emission products proved useful in short­ term bioassay development, as the diesel exhaust extracts were genetically active with low cellular toxicity and could be obtained in relatively large quantities. Availability of such samples aided chemical characterization, and it was eventually determined that the nitro-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were among the mutagenic components of diesel exhaust particulate.

• Potential
• environment
• environmental protection
• health
• research
• toxicity

• U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, USA

  Michael D. Waters, Shahbeg S. Sandhu, Joellen Lewtas, Larry Claxton, Neil Chernoff, Stephen Nesnow

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