Gene Manipulation in Plant Improvement

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

   PDF

2. Plant Breeding 1910–1984

   • Glenn W. Burton

   Pages 1-15

3. Progress in Conventional Plant Breeding

   • Donald N. Duvick

   Pages 17-31

4. Philisophy and Methodology of an International Wheat Breeding Program

   • S. Rajaram, B. Skovmand, B. C. Curtis

   Pages 33-60

5. IRRI Breeding Program and Its Worldwide Impact on Increasing Rice Production

   • Gurdev S. Khush

   Pages 61-94

6. Ideotype Research and Plant Breeding

   • Donald C. Rasmusson

   Pages 95-119

7. Physiological Aspects of Varietal Improvement

   • L. T. Evans

   Pages 121-146

8. Quantitative Genetic Principles in Plant Breeding

   • R. J. Baker

   Pages 147-176

9. The Pathological and Entomological Framework of Plant Breeding

   • Arthur L. Hooker

   Pages 177-207

10. The Genomic System of Classification as a Guide to Intergeneric Hybridization with the Perennial Triticeae

    • Douglas R. Dewey

    Pages 209-279

11. Evolutionary Relationships and their Influence on Plant Breeding

    • Gordon Kimber

    Pages 281-293

12. Mutations in Wheat that Raise the Level of Meiotic Chromosome Pairing

    • E. R. Sears

    Pages 295-300

13. Chromosome Manipulation in Plant Breeding:Progress and Prospects

    • Ralph Riley, Colin N. Law

    Pages 301-322

14. In Vitro Approaches to Interspecific Hybridization and Chromosome Manipulation in Crop Plants

    • G. B. Collins, N. L. Taylor, J. W. DeVerna

    Pages 323-383

15. The Significance of Doubled Haploid Variation

    • P. S. Baenziger, D. T. Kudirka, G. W. Schaeffer, M. D. Lazar

    Pages 385-414

16. Use of Protoplasts: Potentials and Progress

    • E. C. Cocking

    Pages 415-425

17. Somaclonal Variation: Theoretical and Practical Considerations

    • T. J. Orton

    Pages 427-468

18. Nuclear Architecture and its Manipulation

    • Michael D. Bennett

    Pages 469-502

19. Selecting Better Crops from Cultured Cells

    • Carole P. Meredith

    Pages 503-528

20. Molecular Analysis of Alien Chromatin Introduced into Wheat

    • R. Appels, Lyndall B. Moran

    Pages 529-557

The results obtained to date involving the use of in ~ methods to facilitate wide hybridization in plants are voluminous and impressive. The techniques of embryo culture, ovule culture, and in~ pollination and fertilization represent an extension of the normal sexual hybridization process. Successes recorded in obtaining hybrids stem largely from circumventing prezygotic or postzygotic hybridization barriers. Numerous recent successful hybridizations were possible because of the development of improved tissue and cell culture systems for crop plants and attention given to genotypes used in hybridization attempts. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization utilizing the process of protoplast fusion will bypass the limits set by all sexual me'thods. In addition to combining complete genomes from two different species through protoplast fusion, this system affords unique opportunities for creating novel cytoplasmic combinations, transfer of individual chromosomes, transfer of cytoplasmic organelles, manipulation of male sterility, and for single gene transfer. Some caution must be noted with regard to the extent of hybridization possible between distantly related species. Although practically no limit exists to the physical fusion of protoplasts from widely divergent species, the restrictions imposed by somatic incompatibility have not been adequately addressed. Regeneration of plants from the protoplast or single heterokaryon level is still a major hurdle for many important crop species before somatic cell fusion can be exploited to produce interspecific and intergeneric hybrids. Identification and selection of hybrids is also a limitation to the efficient application of cell fusion methods.

• Chromosom
• Evolution
• Mutation
• gene expression
• genes
• hybridization
• nitrogen
• wheat
• Tree Biology

• USDA-ARS, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA

  J. P. Gustafson

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