Trends in Neuroimmunology

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-viii

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2. Humoral Immunologic Studies in Cerebrospinal Fluid

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. A New Strategy for the Study of Intrathecal Immunity

      • E. Schüller

      Pages 3-12

   3. Immunological Findings in the CSF of HIV-1 Infected Patients

      • A. De Rossi, P. Gallo, A. Amadori, M. G. Piccinno, A. Del Mistro, S. Pagni et al.

      Pages 13-22

   4. Disease Duration, Relapse rate and Clinical Course in Multiple Sclerosis: Relation to IgG Production within the Blood Brain Barrier

      • Paolo Livrea, Maria Trojano, Isabella Laura Simone, Carlo Avolio, Francesca De Robertis, Brigida Coluccia et al.

      Pages 23-31

   5. On the Intrathecal Synthesis of Immunoglobulins: Detection of BSF-2/IL-6 in CSF

      • P. Gallo, K. Frei, D. Leppert, A. Fontana

      Pages 33-39

3. Cell Studies

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 41-41

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   2. B-Cell Response Evaluated at Cellular Level in CSF and Blood in Multiple Sclerosis and Controls

      • H. Link, S. Baig, Y.-P. Jiang, O. Olsson, B. Höjeberg, V. Kostulas et al.

      Pages 43-50

   3. Antioligodendrocyte Autoreactive T Cells

      • V. Jewtoukoff, M. A. Bach

      Pages 51-57

   4. Imbalance of CSF Lymphocyte Subsets in Multiple Sclerosis

      • Maria Giovanna Marrosu

      Pages 59-65

   5. Functional Characteristics and Phenotypic Markers of T Lymphocyte Clones from CSF in Multiple Sclerosis

      • V. Barnaba, R. Benvenuto, C. Buttinelli, A. Franco, S. Bernardi, M. G. Grasso et al.

      Pages 67-70

   6. Multiple Sclerosis: Lymphocyte Responses to CNS Antigens

      • V. L. Calder, S. J. Owen, A. N. Davison

      Pages 71-74

4. Immune Functions of Glia

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 75-75

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   2. Immunoregulation in the Central Nervous System: Detection of Cytokines in Cerebrospinal Fluid

      • A. Fontana, K. Frei, P. Gallo, T. P. Leist, D. Leppert, U. V. Malipiero et al.

      Pages 77-86

   3. Immunocompetent-Like Cells in Human Fetal Brain Cultures

      • M. G. Ennas, S. Torelli, V. Sogos, C. Marcello, A. Riva, F. Gremo

      Pages 87-96

   4. Role of Astroglial Cells in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis

      • L. Massacesi, A. L. Abbamondi, F. Sarlo, E. Castigli, J. Olivotto, M. Vergelli et al.

      Pages 97-102

   5. Spontaneous Expression of Ia Antigen (HLA-DR) in Cultured Cells of Human Fetal Brain at Different Stages of Gestation

      • M. G. Marrosu, M. G. Ennas, S. Torelli, V. Sogos, P. Puligheddu, U. Lecca et al.

      Pages 103-109

   6. The Expression of Ia Antigen in the Course of Acute and Relapsing Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in the Lewis Rat

      • Christine D. Dijkstra, C. H. Polman, A. Kreike, C. J. A. De Groot, J. C. Koetsier, T. Sminia

      Pages 111-115

5. Central Nervous System Diseases and the Immune System

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 117-117

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   2. The Use of the Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Search for a Persistent Virus in Multiple Sclerosis: HTLV-1

      • Peter Schmid, Andrew Conrad, Diethart Schmid, Wallace W. Tourtellotte

      Pages 119-125

Immunology has developed quite impressively over the past decade and perhaps very few fields in medicine or biology have grown so explosively. Completely new fields have been elucidated in depth. We recall only the definition of the nature and function of RLA antigens at the molecular level. the chemical and functional identification of several cytokines. and the correlation to particular immunological functions of specific epitopes present on cellular mem­ branes. The extensive application of immunological techniques and concepts to the neurological sciences has led to the development of neuroimmunology. a disci­ pline in its infancy until few years ago. In these last years. neuroimmunology has developed researches in various fields. RLA antigens were studied at the cellular level in brain samples and in CSF cells in several diseases. Cytokines. such as interleukin 1 and 2. gamma- and alpha-interferons. and tumor necrosis factor alpha. were studied at the immunohistological level and with quantitative methods in serum and CSF. With these data. new relevant insights were obtained on the molecular mechanisms underlying CNS immunological diseases. Moreover. neuroimmunological researches were carried on through the development of new and more 'specific' technologies for the study of natural and experimental diseases. the most important of which seem to be. at present. the techniques of cell cultures for cell lines specific to the CNS (oligodendrocytes. astroglia. microglia. meningeal cells. brain capillary cells and tumor cells).

• Antigen
• blood
• cytokine
• diseases
• immunodeficiency
• immunoglobulin
• infection
• infections
• interferon
• necrosis
• pathogenesis
• virus

• University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

  Maria Giovanna Marrosu, Carlo Cianchetti

• University of Padua, Padua, Italy

  Bruno Tavolato

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