Landscape Boundaries

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xvii

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2. General Patterns and Properties of Ecotones

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. The Environment and Development Crises as Determinants of Landscape Dynamics

      • F. di Castri, A. J. Hansen

      Pages 3-18

   3. Ecotone Dynamics in Space and Time

      • Paul A. Delcourt, Hazel R. Delcourt

      Pages 19-54

   4. Ecological Functions in a Biome Transition Zone: Translating Local Responses to Broad-Scale Dynamics

      • James R. Gosz

      Pages 55-75

   5. Human Impact on Landscape Patterning: Mediterranean Examples

      • Jacques Lepart, Max Debussche

      Pages 76-106

   6. Quantitative Methods for Studying Landscape Boundaries

      • Carol A. Johnston, John Pastor, Gilles Pinay

      Pages 107-125

3. Biodiversity and Ecotones

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 127-127

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   2. Regional and Local Vegetation Patterns: The Responses of Vegetation Diversity to Subcontinental Air Masses

      • Ronald P. Neilson, George A. King, Robert L. DeVelice, James M. Lenihan

      Pages 129-149

   3. Local Extinctions, Habitat Fragmentation, and Ecotones

      • Gray Merriam, John Wegner

      Pages 150-169

   4. Avian Community Dynamics: The Interplay of Landscape Trajectories and Species Life Histories

      • Andrew Hansen, Dean L. Urban, Barbara Marks

      Pages 170-195

   5. Distribution and Dynamics of Soil Organisms Across Ecotones

      • Josef Rusek

      Pages 196-214

4. Ecological Flows and Ecotones

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 215-215

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   2. Ecological Flows Across Landscape Boundaries: A Conceptual Overview

      • John A. Wiens

      Pages 217-235

   3. Theoretical Foundations for Understanding Boundaries in Landscape Mosaics

      • Richard T. T. Forman, Perry N. Moore

      Pages 236-258

   4. A Percolation Model of Ecological Flows

      • Robert H. Gardner, Monica G. Turner, Virginia H. Dale, Robert V. O’Neill

      Pages 259-269

   5. Energy and Material Flows Across Boundaries in Agricultural Landscapes

      • Lech Ryszkowski

      Pages 270-284

   6. Changes in Plant Ecophysiology Across a Central European Hedgerow Ecotone

      • Manfred Küppers

      Pages 285-303

   7. Landforms, Disturbance, and Ecotones

      • F. J. Swanson, S. M. Wondzell, G. E. Grant

      Pages 304-323

5. Case Studies

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 325-325

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The emergence of landscape ecology during the 1980s represents an impor­ tant maturation of ecological theory. Once enamored with the conceptual beauty of well-balanced, homogeneous ecosystems, ecologists now assert that much of the essence of ecological systems lies in their lumpiness. Patches with differing properties and behaviors lie strewn across the land­ scape, products of the complex interactions of climate, disturbance, and biotic processes. It is the collective behavior of this patchwork of eco­ systems that drives pattern and process of the landscape. is not an end point This realization of the importance of patch dynamics in itself, however. Rather, it is a passage to a new conceptual framework, the internal workings of which remain obscure. The next tier of questions includes: What are the fundamental pieces that compose a landscape? How are these pieces bounded? To what extent do these boundaries influence communication and interaction among patches of the landscape? Will con­ sideration of the interactions among landscape elements help us to under­ stand the workings of landscapes? At the core of these questions lies the notion of the ecotone, a term with a lineage that even predates ecosystem. Late in the nineteenth century, F. E. Clements realized that the transition zones between plant communi­ ties had properties distinct from either of the adjacent communities. Not until the emergence of patch dynamics theory, however, has central signif­ icance of the ecotone concept become apparent.

• biology
• conservation biology
• ecology
• ecosystem
• ecosystems
• ecotone
• landscape ecology
• simulation

• Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA

  Andrew J. Hansen

• UNESCO, Paris, France

  Francesco Castri

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