Mitochondria and the Heart

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xviii

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2. An Introduction to Mitochondria and the Heart

   Pages 1-26

3. Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in the Heart

   Pages 27-62

4. Heart Mitochondrial Biogenesis

   Pages 63-97

5. ROS Generation, Antioxidants, and Cell Death

   Pages 99-122

6. Myocardial Ischemia and Cardioprotection

   Pages 123-155

7. Mitochondria Dysfunction in Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure

   Pages 157-196

8. Fatty Acid and Glucose Metabolism in Cardiac Disease

   Pages 197-227

9. Mitochondria in Pediatric Cardiology

   Pages 229-261

10. Mitochondria and the Aging Heart

    Pages 263-287

11. Heart Mitochondria Signaling Pathways

    Pages 289-321

12. Treatment of Mitochondrial-Based Cardiac Diseases. Targeting the Organelle

    Pages 323-350

13. Future Frontiers in Mitochondrial Cardiac Biology

    Pages 351-376

14. Back Matter

    Pages 377-400

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Mitochondria have been pivotal in the development of some of the most important ideas in modern biology. Since the discovery that the organelle has its own DNA and specific mutations were found in association with neuromuscular and cardiovascular diseases and with aging, an extraordi-nary number of publications have followed, and the term mitochondrial medicine was coined. Furthermore, our understanding of the multiple roles that mitochondria play in cardiac cell homeostasis opened the door for intensive experimentation to understand the pathogenesis and to find new treatments for cardiovascular diseases. Besides its role in adenosine triphosphate generation, mitochondria regu-late a complex network of cellular interactions, involving (1) generation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide anion, hy-drogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical; (2) maintenance of the antioxidant glutathione in a reduced state and adequate level of mitochondrial matrix superoxide dismutase; (3) cytoplasmic calcium homeostasis, particularly under conditions of cellular calcium loading; (4) transport of metabolites between cytoplasm and matrix; (5) both programmed (apoptosis) and necrotic cell death; and (6) cell growth and development. It is therefore not surprising that this organelle has come to be the center stage in many current investigations of cardiovascular diseases, aging, and agi- related disease. Concomitant with these advances, an impressive effort is under- way for the development of new tools and methodologies to study mitochondrial structure and function, including powerful ways to visualize, monitor, and alter the organelle function to assess the genetic consequences of these perturbations.

• cardiology
• cardiovascular
• heart
• heart disease
• heart failure
• vascular disease

• The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, Highland Park

  José Marín-García

• Department of Physiology & Biophysics, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway

  José Marín-García

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