Metastasis of Prostate Cancer

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XIV

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2. Introduction: Metastasis as a Therapeutic Target

   • Richard J. Ablin, Malcolm D. Mason

   Pages 1-3

3. The Natural History of Prostate Cancer

   • David F. Penson, Peter C. Albertsen

   Pages 5-19

4. The Search for Genes Which Influence Prostate Cancer Metastasis: A Moving Target?

   • Norman J. Maitland

   Pages 21-61

5. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Prostate Cancer Metastasis

   • Wen G. Jiang

   Pages 63-85

6. Role of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Prostate Cancer and Metastasis

   • Alaa F. Badawi

   Pages 87-109

7. Cell Cycle Regulation

   • Ruchi M. Newman, Bruce R. Zetter

   Pages 111-125

8. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Molecular Interactions in Prostatic Tumor Cell Plasticity

   • Mary J.C. Hendrix, Jun Luo, Elisabeth A. Seftor, Navesh Sharma, Paul M. Heidger Jr., Michael B. Cohen et al.

   Pages 127-141

9. Orthotopic Metastatic Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer

   • Robert M. Hoffman

   Pages 143-169

10. β-Catenin, its Binding Partners and Signalling Mechanisms: Implications in Prostate Cancer

    • Gaynor Davies, Gregory M. Harrison, Malcolm D. Mason

    Pages 171-196

11. Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor and Prostate Cancer Metastasis

    • Gaynor Davies, Wen G. Jiang, Malcolm D. Mason

    Pages 197-219

12. Matrix Degradation in Prostate Cancer

    • Michael J. Wilson, Akhouri A. Sinha

    Pages 221-251

13. The Biology of Bone Metastases from Prostate Cancer and the Role of Bisphosphonates

    • Noel W. Clarke, Herbert A. Fleisch

    Pages 253-281

14. Hormone Therapy For Prostate Cancer

    • Mike Shelley, Charles L. Bennett, Derek Nathan, Oliver Sartor

    Pages 283-307

15. Strategies for the Implementation of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

    • Paula Scullin, Joe M. O’Sullivan, Christopher C. Parker

    Pages 309-335

16. Immuno-gene Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer

    • Takefumi Satoh, Terry L. Timme, Yehoshua Gdor, Brian J. Miles, Robert J. Amato, Dov Kadmon et al.

    Pages 337-353

17. Distilling the Past – Envisioning the Future

    • Richard J. Ablin, Malcolm D. Mason

    Pages 355-397

18. Back Matter

    Pages 399-407

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Without metastasis, prostate cancer would be both tolerable and treatable. The high incidence of indolent and organ confined disease is testament to this sweeping generalisation. Equally, if molecular markers of metastatic spread can be identified, then the choice of treatment for many patients would be easier and more radical, even curative. However, should prevention and treatment of the primary tumors prove difficult or impossible, then a knowledge of the phenotype of advanced metastatic tumors should allow us to target these lesions for destruction by conventional (drug based) or more innovative means such as gene and/or immunotherapy (1). The process of metastasis has been reviewed many times (e. g. , 2) and has been subdivided for ease of analysis into a number of discrete stages (see Figure 1). It has been suggested that at least 10 separate genetic 2. ECM degradation: migration MMP ; Integrin ; TIMP 3. Intravasation MMP TIMP 1. Cellular independence 4. Transport Adhesion loss and evasion (E Cadherin ) of host immune system MHCClass1 ICAM-1 to block T cell receptor 5. Arrest of movement: endothelial adhesion CD44 or switch 6. Extravasation to colonise new site 7. Proliferation at Laminin R distant site to form Integrin switch METASTASIS Figure 1. Stages in prostate cancer metastasis. Basic processes in tumor metastases are indicated in the boxes with some key changes in gene expression indicated at each stage by the solid arrows.

• bisphosphonates
• cell
• chemotherapy
• drug design
• gene therapy
• metastasis
• molecular biology
• prostate cancer
• radiotherapy
• tumor

• University of Arizona College of Medicine, and the Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, U.S.A

  Richard J. Ablin

• University of Cardiff, U.K

  Malcolm D. Mason

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