Foundations and Trends in Smart Learning

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiii

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2. A framework for designing an immersive language learning environment integrated with educational robots and IoT-based toys

   • Ya-Wen Cheng, Yuping Wang, Kinshuk, Nian-Shing Chen

   Pages 1-4

3. A Framework of Learning Activity Design for Flow Experience in Smart Learning Environment

   • Bojun Gao, QingQing Wan, TingWen Chang, Ronghuai Huang

   Pages 5-14

4. A Partner Robot for Decreasing Negative Concerns in Collaborative Reading

   • Yoshihiro Adachi, Akihiro Kashihara

   Pages 15-24

5. An Architecture for Mobile-based Assessment Systems in Smart Learning Environments

   • Jorge Bacca, Kinshuk, Daniel Segovia-Bedoya

   Pages 25-34

6. Analysis of Key Features in Conclusions of Student Reports

   • Aurelio López-López, Samuel González-López, Jesús Miguel García-Gorrostieta

   Pages 35-44

7. Artificial Intelligence and Commonsense

   • Mark Osborne

   Pages 45-50

8. Can Fragmentation Learning Promote Students’ Deep Learning in C Programming?

   • Lifeng Zhang, Baoping Li, Ying Zhou, Ling Chen

   Pages 51-60

9. Challenges in recruiting and retaining participants for smart learning environment studies

   • Isabelle Guillot, Claudia Guillot, Rébecca Guillot, Jérémie Seanosky, David Boulanger, Shawn N. Fraser et al.

   Pages 61-66

10. Constructing a Hybrid Automatic Q&A System Integrating Knowledge Graph and Information Retrieval Technologies

    • Yang Liu, Bin Xu, Yuji Yang, Tonglee Chung, Peng Zhang

    Pages 67-76

11. Conversation Quest in MEGA World (Multiplayer Educational Game for All)

    • Maiga Chang, Cheng-Ting Chen, Kuan-Hsing Wu, Pei-Shan Yu

    Pages 77-82

12. Correlational Analysis of IRS Features and Learning Performance in Synchronous Sessions of an Online Course

    • Benazir Quadir, Nian-Shing Chen

    Pages 83-88

13. Creating Smart Learning Environments with Virtual Worlds

    • Yunjo An

    Pages 89-92

14. Cultural Embodiment in Virtual Reality Education and Training: A Reflection on Representation of Diversity

    • Aleshia Hayes, Karen Johnson

    Pages 93-96

15. Design of Online Teacher Training Mode: a Cognitive Apprenticeship approach

    • Li Chen, Wan-ru Ding, Wen Wu

    Pages 97-102

16. Diagnosis with Linked Open Data for Question Decomposition in Web-based Investigative Learning

    • Yoshiki Sato, Akihiro Kashihara, Shinobu Hasegawa, Koichi Ota, Ryo Takaoka

    Pages 103-112

17. Emarking: A collaborative platform to support feedback in higher education assessment

    • Jorge Villalon

    Pages 113-118

18. How Technologies Change Classrooms - A Case Study of K-12 Education in Sudan

    • Adam Tairab, Ronghuai Huang, TingWen Chang

    Pages 119-124

19. Influence of Pre-service and In-service Teachers’ Gender and Experience on the Acceptance of AR Technology

    • Fangjing Ning, Yang Yang, Tingting Zhu, Tseden-Ish Bayarmaa, Ning Ma

    Pages 125-134

20. Integrating Enhanced Peer Assessment Features in Moodle Learning Management System

    • Gabriel Badea, Elvira Popescu, Andrea Sterbini, Marco Temperini

    Pages 135-144

This book focuses on the interplay between pedagogy and technology, and their fusion for the advancement of smart learning environments. It discusses various components of this interplay, including learning and assessment paradigms, social factors and policies, emerging technologies, innovative application of mature technologies, transformation of curriculum and teaching behavior, transformation of administration, best infusion practices, and piloting of new ideas.


The book provides an archival forum for researchers, academics, practitioners and industry professionals interested and/or engaged in reforming teaching and learning methods by promoting smart learning environments. It also facilitates discussions and constructive dialogue among various stakeholders on the limitations of existing learning environments, the need for reform, innovative uses of emerging pedagogical approaches and technologies, and sharing and promoting best practices, leading to the evolution, design and implementation of smart learning environments.

• Smart Learning
• Big Data in Education
• Artificial Intelligence in Education
• Cloud Computing in Education
• Virtual Reality in Education
• Augmented Reality in Education
• Mixed Reality in Education
• Learning Analytics
• Future Learning Environments
• Technology-Rich Classroom
• Online Learning
• learning and instruction

• Athabasca University, Edmonton, Canada

  Maiga Chang

• University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania

  Elvira Popescu

• College of Information, University of North Texas, Denton, USA

  Kinshuk

• Department of Applied Foreign Language, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Taiwan

  Nian-Shing Chen

• Computer Science & Educational Technology, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia

  Mohamed Jemni

• Smart Learning Institute, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

  Ronghuai Huang

• University of North Texas, Denton, USA

  J. Michael Spector

• University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece

  Demetrios G. Sampson

Dr. Maiga Chang is Full Professor at the School of Computing Information and Systems at Athabasca University, Canada. His researches mainly focus on mobile learning and ubiquitous learning, museum e-learning, game-based learning, educational robots, learning behaviour analysis, data mining, intelligent agent technology, computational intelligence in e-learning, and mobile healthcare.


Elvira Popescu is Full Professor at the Computers and Information Technology Department, University of Craiova, Romania. Her research interests include technology enhanced learning, adaptation and personalization in Web-based systems, learner modeling, Web 2.0 and social learning environments, learning analytics, intelligent and distributed computing.


Prof. Huang is now the Dean of Smart Learning Institute in Beijing Normal University, which aims to promote the education technology discipline and its related subjects. Prof. Huang has been engaged in the research on educational technology as well as knowledge engineering since 1997.


Dr. Kinshuk is the Dean of the College of Information at the University of North Texas. His work has been dedicated to advancing research on the innovative paradigms, architectures and implementations of online and distance learning systems for individualized and adaptive learning in increasingly global environments.


Nian-Shing Chen is the Chair Professor at the Department of Information Management at the National Sun Yat-sen University in Taiwan and chair of IEEE Technical Committee on Learning Technology. Prof Chen has published over 350 papers in the international referred journals, conferences and book chapters.


Mohamed Jemni is the Head and the founder of the Research Laboratory of Technologies of Information and Communication & Electrical Engineering of the University of Tunis. His research projects during the last 24 years include Enhanced Learning Technologies, High Performance & Grid computing and Accessibility of ICT to People with Disabilities.


J. Michael Spector is a Professor of Learning Technologies at the University of North Texas. His research focuses on intelligent support for instructional design, assessing learning in complex domains, and technology integration in education.


Demetrios Sampson is a Professor of Digital Systems for Learning and Education at the Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, Greece, and a Professor of Learning Technologies at the School of Education, Curtin University, Australia.

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